Fig. 2.

Effects of experimental warming, acidification, and combined future ocean conditions on net community calcification. (A and B) Entire mesocosm communities (sometimes referred to as net community calcification, NCC, or net ecosystem calcification, NEC, in other studies), (C and D) coral communities, and (E and F) rubble-associated communities. Net community calcification was determined by the total alkalinity anomaly technique in (A and B) and by the buoyant weight technique in (C, D, E, and F). Time-integrated overall mean values are shown on the left (A, C, and E) whereas time series are on the right (B, D, and F). Data bars and points show the mean ± SD (n = 10 mesocosm communities per treatment). Mesocosm calcification declined with acidification and warming, whereas coral calcification declined only with warming and rubble calcification declined only with acidification. SI Appendix, Table S2 for test results.