Fig. 3.

Benthic community structure in the mesocosms at the end of the study. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination illustrating the effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic community structure from settlement tiles (ARMS) colonized in the mesocosms for the control (blue), ocean acidification (light blue), ocean warming (red), and combined future ocean treatments (purple) (n = 6 tile arrays per treatment). Scatterplots are overlaid on ellipses which show the SD around the centroid for each group. Ellipses are semitransparent to allow visualization of overlapping distributions. Community structure differed according to temperature but not pH, which was driven largely by separation of the ocean warming treatment from the control. Fig. 4 and SI Appendix, Table S3 for additional results.