Table 3.

Major inhibitors of CypA and potential therapeutic strategies.

Inhibitors	Mechanism	Therapeutic Potential	Targeted Cancer	References
CsA	PPIase activity	Interference of CypA and CD147 binding, Induction of apoptosis	Breast cancer, Lung adenocarcinoma	113,120
Debio-025 (Alisporivir)	Crk signaling	Non-immunosuppressive analogue of CsA, Potent antitumor and antimetastatic activity, Enhancing of tumor immunogenicity and anti-PD-1 therapy	Breast cancer, Hepatitis C-hepatocellular carcinoma	121
Sanglifehrin A	PPIase activity	Binding to CypA with higher affinity than CsA	Glioblastoma multiforme	66,122
SCY-635, NIM811	NS5A	Non-immunosuppressive activity, Inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis	Hepatitis C-hepatocellular carcinoma	22
NV651	PPIase activity	Non-immunosuppressive activity, inbibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo	Hepatocellular carcinoma	123
23-demethyl 8, 13-deoxynargenicin (C9)	MAPK signaling	Inhibition of proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis	Gastric cancer	124
Melittin	MMP-9	Inhibition of metastasis	Breast cancer	125
RNA interference	PPIase activity	Inhibition of tumor growth, Enhancing of radiosensitivity	Lung adenocarcinoma	116
	NF-κB signaling	Inhibition of glioblastoma growth	Glioblastoma	126
Blocking interaction	CypA/CD147 interaction	Inhibition of tumor growth, metastasis, invasion	Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer	100