Table 3.

Association between recorded sensory impairment diagnoses until index date and risk of AD

	Persons with AD, no. (%)	Persons without AD, no. (%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)a	Adjusted OR (95% CI)b	Adjusted OR (95% CI)c
Eye disease diagnosis
No	42,942 (84.7)	239,903 (84.8)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
Yes	10,830 (15.3)	42,942 (15.2)	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	0.98 (0.96–1.01)	0.97 (0.95-1.00)	0.98 (0.95-1.00)
Sensorineural hearing impairment diagnosis
No	60,870 (86.1)	247,329 (87.4)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
Yes	9848 (13.9)	35,516 (12.6)	1.13 (1.10–1.16)	1.12 (1.10–1.15)	1.11 (1.08–1.14)	1.12 (1.09–1.15)
Eye disease diagnosis, sensorineural hearing impairment diagnosis or dual sensory impairment
None	51,851 (73.3)	211,407 (74.7)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
Eye disease diagnosis only	9019 (12.8)	35,922 (12.7)	1.03 (1.0-1.05)	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	0.99 (0.98-1.00)
Sensorineural hearing impairment diagnosis only	8037 (11.4)	28,496 (10.1)	1.16 (1.13–1.19)	1.15 (1.12–1.18)	1.13 (1.10–1.17)	1.15 (1.12–1.18)
Both	1811 (2.6)	7020 (2.5)	1.06 (1.0-1.12)	1.03 (0.98–1.09)	1.01 (0.95–1.06)	1.01 (0.96–1.07)

Note.

^a adjusted for Occupational socioeconomic class, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, asthma/COPD, cancer, Head trauma, substance abuse, medication use

^b adjusted for occupational socioeconomic class, comorbidities, medication use, sum of purchased medications, number of days hospitalized, and sum of outpatient specialized healthcare visits

^c adjusted for occupational socioeconomic class, comorbidities, medication use, sum of purchased medications in lag period (0 to -5 years), number of days hospitalized in lag period, and sum of outpatient specialized healthcare visits in lag period

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CI, Confidence Interval; no., Number; OR, Odds Ratio; Ref, Reference