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. 2024 Nov 12;11:93. doi: 10.1186/s40658-024-00697-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — (a)The coronal slice of geometrical phantom. The 2D rectangular background region (60 × 30 pixels) marked by the red box was delineated to calculate the coefficient of variation (CoV). (b) Three sample coronal slices of the activity distribution for one selected XCAT phantom at the first imaging time point. The 14 spherical tumors at (1) shoulder bone marrow (×2), (2) lung, (3) liver, (4) rib (×2), (5) spine (×4), (6) basin bone marrow (×2) and (7) inguinal lymph nodes (×2) were indicated within red circles.