Fig. 1. Comparison of turning points and trends in hydroclimatic changes during the last deglaciation in the Indo-Asian-Australian (IAA) monsoon region.

a–e tropical hydroclimatic records of cores I106, MD97-2141, MD06-3075, CG02, ADM-159 from the low northern latitudes show a two-phase structure within Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and a turning point at approximately 16.0 ka, (f–h) subtropical hydroclimatic records by stalagmite δ¹⁸O suggest a lasting dry condition during the entire HS1, with a turning point at approximately 14.6 ka, (i–j) hydroclimatic records by seawater δ¹⁸O (δ¹⁸O_sw) in the southern hemisphere also show a drying trend from the Large Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the HS1 (14–21 ka), with a turning point of approximately 19.5 ka, as the same as the commentary of Lu et al.’s on the hydroclimatic records in the northern hemisphere. The red line indicates the trend of hydroclimatic change, and the blue circle indicates the turning point of the hydroclimatic.