Table 5. Recommendations for stakeholders directly involved in PVBD drug development, manufacturing or prescription.

Recommendations for stakeholders	Prompt benefits
To urge relevant funding agencies to support investment in research sustainability by promoting the exploitation of research sustainability best practice, multidisciplinary collaborations and the development of guidelines.	Financially and logistically support for research institutions in their efforts to reduce the environmental impact of their research activities.
	Encourage researchers to improve their capacity building by learning from others and incorporating aspects of research sustainability in their daily work.
	Guidelines to support researchers to develop and incorporate pro-sustainability strategies in their project development, grant applications and future research programmes.
To encourage government and EU funding agencies to apply specific criteria for research sustainability strategies and practices in the evaluation of grant applications, following the example of the 3Rs in laboratory animal usage.	Encorage the implementation of green research practices and research sustainability in all projects.
To raise awareness and education among health providers in both human and veterinary fields to adopt safe and evidence-based prescription practices and sound strategies to minimize the impact of drug waste, over-use, and the concentration of drug (metabolites) in the environment.	Avoid drug waste, minimize prescription/ therapy associated costs, reduce the introducing of drugs with potentially negative impact on the environment.
To investigate the ecotoxicological impact of the antiparasitic drugs currently available, licensed and prescribed for prevention and treatment of PVBD, and develop proposals on how to minimize such impacts.	Allow the prioritization of the replacement of the drugs considered to have the largest negative environmental impact and avoid repurposing such compounds for additional uses.
To introduce funding mechanisms for joint academic/private sector for the development of new treatments to replace the current antiparasitic drugs with the worst environmental footprint.	Bridging Academia and industry should accelerate the process of drug development and manufacturing.