Table 1.
Baseline demographics; participants in this remote, exploratory cohort study were adults in the United States who vaped nicotine daily (N=73).
| Characteristic | Values | |||
| Demographics | ||||
|
|
Age (y), mean (SD) | 37.4 (11.3) | ||
|
|
Gender, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
Women | 38 (52) | |
|
|
|
Men | 33 (45) | |
|
|
|
Prefer to self-describe | 2 (3) | |
|
|
Race, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
American Indian or Alaska native | 1 (1) | |
|
|
|
Asian | 3 (4) | |
|
|
|
Black or African American | 4 (5) | |
|
|
|
Hispanic, Latino or Latina, or Spanish origin | 4 (5) | |
|
|
|
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 1 (1) | |
|
|
|
White | 58 (79) | |
|
|
|
Some other race | 2 (3) | |
|
|
Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
Hispanic, Latino or Latina, or Spanish origin | 8 (11) | |
|
|
|
Not of Hispanic, Latino or Latina, or Spanish origin | 65 (89) | |
|
|
Educational level, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
High school or GEDa | 4 (5) | |
|
|
|
Some college | 22 (30) | |
|
|
|
Associate (2-y) degree | 9 (12) | |
|
|
|
Bachelor’s (4-y) degree | 26 (36) | |
|
|
|
Master’s degree | 10 (14) | |
|
|
|
Professional or doctorate degree | 2 (3) | |
|
|
Income (US $), n (%) | |||
|
|
|
<25,000 | 8 (11) | |
|
|
|
25,000-34,999 | 3 (4) | |
|
|
|
35,000-49,999 | 10 (14) | |
|
|
|
50,000-74,999 | 12 (16) | |
|
|
|
75,000-99,999 | 14 (19) | |
|
|
|
100,000-149,999 | 15 (21) | |
|
|
|
≥150,000 | 11 (15) | |
|
|
Employment, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
Yes, ≥20 h/wk | 54 (74) | |
|
|
|
Yes, <20 h/wk | 7 (10) | |
|
|
|
No | 12 (16) | |
|
|
Smartphone, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
iPhone | 43 (59) | |
|
|
|
Android | 30 (41) | |
| Vaping and quitting behavior | ||||
|
|
Vape sessions per dayb, mean (SD) | 14.6 (6) | ||
|
|
Years vaping, mean (SD) | 3.5 (3) | ||
|
|
Age when they first started thinking of themselves as someone who vapes (y), mean (SD) | 33.9 (12) | ||
|
|
Vape device used, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
Refillable | 20 (27) | |
|
|
|
Prefilled or disposable (single use) | 44 (60) | |
|
|
|
Both | 9 (12) | |
|
|
Uses vape or e-cigarette flavors, n (%) | 59 (81) | ||
|
|
First vape session after waking, n (%) | |||
|
|
|
Within 5 min | 40 (55) | |
|
|
|
6-15 min | 18 (25) | |
|
|
|
16-30 min | 9 (12) | |
|
|
|
31-60 min | 3 (4) | |
|
|
|
61-120 min | 2 (3) | |
|
|
|
After 120 min | 1 (1) | |
|
|
Vaping dependence via the PSECDI c , n (%) | |||
|
|
|
Low dependence | 3 (4) | |
|
|
|
Medium dependence | 20 (27) | |
|
|
|
High dependence | 50 (68) | |
|
|
Quit attempts in the previous 12 months, mean (SD) | 1.7 (2.0) | ||
|
|
Attitudes toward quitting vaping, mean (SD) | |||
|
|
|
DTQd | 4.0 (2.8) | |
|
|
|
STQe | 4.9 (2.9) | |
|
|
Alcohol use behavior via the AUDIT-Cf, mean (SD) | 2.3 (2.3) | ||
|
|
Presence of depressive symptoms via the CES-Dg, mean (SD) | 9.8 (6.4) | ||
| Current product and medication use, n (%) | ||||
|
|
Tobacco products used | |||
|
|
|
e-Cigarettes or vaping only | 72 (99) | |
|
|
|
e-Cigarettes or vaping+hookah | 1 (1) | |
|
|
Other vape juice or e-liquid products used h | |||
|
|
|
None | 60 (82) | |
|
|
|
CBDi | 5 (7) | |
|
|
|
THCj | 11 (15) | |
|
|
|
Other | 1 (1) | |
|
|
Medications currently taking | |||
|
|
|
None | 67 (92) | |
|
|
|
Bupropion (Zyban/Wellbutrin) | 4 (5) | |
|
|
|
NRTk—gum | 1 (1) | |
|
|
|
NRT—patch | 1 (1) | |
| Former smoking-related measures | ||||
|
|
Former smokers, n (%) | 53 (73) | ||
|
|
Years smoked, mean (SD) | 13.2 (10.3) | ||
|
|
Started vaping to quit smoking, n (%) | 43 (59) | ||
|
|
Continued vaping to quit smoking or stay quit, n (%) | 30 (41) | ||
aGED: General Educational Development.
bParticipants were provided with a drop-down menu for vape sessions per day with a selection from 0 to >20; >20 was converted to 21.
cPSECDI: Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index; 10 items (where a score of 0-3 indicates no dependence, a score of 4-8 indicates low independence, a score of 9-12 indicates medium dependence, and a score of ≥13 indicates high dependence).
dDTQ: difficulty staying quit; “If you were to quit vaping/e-cigs right now, how difficult do you think it would be to stay vape free? (1=Really difficult to stay vape/e-cig free; 10=Really easy to stay vape/e-cig).”
eSTQ: success in quitting; “If you were to quit vaping/e-cigs right now, how successful would you be? (1=not at all successful; 10=completely successful).”
fAUDIT-C: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Concise screening questionnaire; 3 items (where a score of 0 indicates no alcohol use and a score of ≥4 among men and ≥3 among women is considered positive for alcohol use disorder).
gCES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; 10 items (where a higher score indicates greater symptoms of depression; a cutoff score of ≥10 indicates the presence of significant depressive symptoms).
hParticipants were asked to select all that applied.
iCBD: cannabidiol.
jTHC: tetrahydrocannabinol.
kNRT: nicotine replacement therapy.