TABLE 4.
Regression analysis for the association of diastolic blood pressure at different points during an exercise stress test according to diastolic function.
| Beta (95% CI), p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | at 1 min exercise | at 3 min exercise | at peak exercise | at 1 min recovery | at 3 min recovery | |
| Model 1 | 0 vs. 1 | −0.8 (−3.0 to 1.4) p = .50 | −0.8 (−3.6 to 2.0) p = .56 | −0.5 (−4.5 to 3.5) p = .81 | −3.2 (−6.2 to −0.3) p = .03 | −2.9 (−5.7 to −0.2) p = .04 |
| 0 vs. 2 | −3.4 (−7.0 to 0.1) p = .06 | −0.003 (−4.5 to 4.5) p = .99 | −0.7 (−7.1 to 5.6) p = .82 | 3.5 (−1.1 to −8.1) p = .135 | −1.1 (−5.5 to 3.2) p = .04 | |
| 1 vs. 2 | −2.7 (−6.2 to 0.9) p = .14 | 0.8 (−3.7 to 5.3) p = .72 | −0.3 (−6.7 to 6.2) p = .94 | 6.7 (2.0–11.4) p = .005 | 1.8 (−2.6 to 6.2) p = .42 | |
| Model 2 | 0 vs. 1 | −0.8 (−3.2 to 1.7) p = .55 | −2.4 (−5.5 to 0.7) p = .134 | −1.4 (−5.8 to −3.1) p = .55 | −4.0 (−7.3 to −0.7) p = .02 | −2.9 (−6.0 to 0.2) p = .06 |
| 0 vs. 2 | −2.8 (−6.6 to 0.9) p = .14 | −0.8 (−5.5 to 3.9) p = 0.73 | −2.2 (−9.0 to 4.6) p = .52 | 3.1 (−1.8 to 7.9) p = .21 | −1.4 (−6.0 to 3.2) p = .56 | |
| 1 vs. 2 | −2.1 (−5.7 to −1.5) p = .26 | 1.6 (−3.0 to 6.1) p = .50 | −0.9 (−7.4 to 5.7) p = .79 | 7.0 (2.3–11.7) p = .004 | 1.6 (2.9–6.0) p = .49 | |
| Model 3 | 0 vs. 1 | 0.5 (−3.3 to 4.3) p = .78 | −5.3 (−10.2 to −0.5) p = .03 | −3.6 (−10.7 to 3.4) p = .31 | −4.9 (−10.0 to 0.2) p = .06 | 0.6 (−4.1 to 5.4) p = .79 |
| 0 vs. 2 | −2.0 (−6.2 to 2.3) p = .36 | −2.5 (−7.8 to 2.9) p = .36 | −2.8 (−10.6 to 4.9) p = .47 | 1.9 (−3.4 to 7.2) p = .48 | 0.074 (−4.9 to 5.0) p = .98 | |
| 1 vs. 2 | −2.5 (−6.4 to 1.3) p = .20 | 2.9 (−1.9 to 7.7) p = .24 | 0.8 (6.1–7.7) p = .83 | −6.8 (−11.8 to −1.8) p = .01 | −0.6 (−5.2 to 4.1) p = .814 | |
| Model 4 | 0 vs. 1 | 0.5 (−3.4 to 4.4) p = .80 | −4.7 (−9.6 to 0.3) p = .07 | −3.6 (−10.9 to 3.7) p = .33 | −3.9 (−9.1 to 1.2) p = .13 | 0.6 (−4.3 to 5.4) p = .81 |
| 0 vs. 2 | −2.0 (−6.5 to 2.4) p = .37 | −1.3 (−6.9 to 4.2) p = .64 | −3.1 (−11.2 to 5.0) p = .45 | 3.4 (−2.1 to 8.8) p = .23 | 0.3 (−4.8 to 5.5) p = .91 | |
| 1 vs. 2 | −2.5 (−6.5 to 1.4) p = .20 | 3.3 (−1.6 to 8.2) p = .18 | 0.5 (−6.6 to 7.6) p = .88 | 7.3 (2.2–12.4) p = .01 | −0.3 (−5.0 to 4.5) p = .91 | |
| Model 5 | 0 vs. 1 | 1.0 (−2.9 to 5.0) p = .60 | −8.3 (−10.2 to 1.4) p = .95 | −3.2 (−10.5 to 4.0) p = .38 | ||
| 0 vs. 2 | −1.3 (−5.8 to 3.1) p = .55 | −0.2 (−5.2 to 5.6) p = .95 | −2.6 (−10.7 to 5.5) p = .53 | |||
| 1 vs. 2 | −2.4 (−3.1 to 5.8) p = .55 | 3.6 (−1.1 to 8.4) p = .13 | 0.6 (−6.5 to 7.7) p = .86 | |||
ANCOVA for the association of diastolic blood pressure at different points during exercise testing in patients with and without diastolic dysfunction after correcting for different variables as described in models 1‐4. The different groups were compared with each other.
Group 0: Patients with normal diastolic function.
Group 1: Patients with diastolic dysfunction grade I.
Group 2: Patients with diastolic dysfunction grade II + III.
Model 1 is corrected for DBP at rest (continuous) during exercise and for peak BP (continuous) during recovery.
Model 2 includes all variables from Model 1 and is additionally corrected for sex (categorical) and age (continuous).
Model 3 includes all variables from Model 2 and is additionally corrected for BMI (continuous), CAD, HF, VHD, DM, OSAS (categorial).
Model 4 includes all variables from Model 3 and is additionally corrected for associated cardiac medication including, diuretics, betablockers, ACE‐Inhibitor or ARB, CCB (categorical).
Model 5 includes all variables from Model 4 and is additionally corrected for percentage of maximal workload (continuous).
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DM, diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VHD, valvular heart disease.