Skip to main content
. 2024 Oct 22;1(11):1483–1494. doi: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00213

Table 3. Effect of Prenatal PM2.5 Exposure on Otitis Media and Lower Respiratory Infections between Years with Extreme Wildfire Seasons in 2017 and 2018 and Below-Average Wildfire Seasons in 2016 and 2019.

  extreme seasons (2017 and 2018) below-average seasons (2016 and 2019) p-value
Otitis Media      
Developmental Windows      
window 1 (0–9 weeks) 1.76 [1.62, 1.90] 0.56 [0.50, 0.63] p < 0.001
window 2 (10–12 weeks) 1.78 [1.65, 1.93] 0.56 [0.50, 0.61] p < 0.001
window 3 (13–18 weeks) 1.75 [1.61, 1.89] 0.64 [0.57, 0.71] p < 0.001
window 4 (19–28 weeks) 1.75 [1.62, 1.90] 0.65 [0.57, 0.74] p < 0.001
window 5 (>28 weeks) 1.82 [1.68, 1.98] 0.57 [0.50, 0.65] p < 0.001
Trimesters      
trimester 1 (0–13 weeks) 1.78 [1.64, 1.93] 0.54 [0.47, 0.62] p < 0.001
trimester 2 (14–27 weeks) 1.72 [1.58, 1.86] 0.72 [0.63, 0.83] p < 0.001
trimester 3 (>27 weeks) 1.83 [1.68, 1.98] 0.57 [0.50, 0.65] P = 0.005
Lower respiratory infection      
Developmental Windows      
embryonic stage (0–7 weeks) 1.33 [1.26, 1.41] 0.81 [0.74, 0.88] p < 0.001
pseudoglandular stage (8–17 weeks) 1.37 [1.29, 1.46] 0.76 [0.69, 0.84] p < 0.001
canalicular stage (18–27 weeks) 1.36 [1.28, 1.45] 0.81 [0.73, 0.89] p < 0.001
saccular stage (28–36 weeks) 1.44 [1.35, 1.53] 0.68 [0.62, 0.75] p < 0.001
alveolar stage (>37 weeks) 1.41 [1.33, 1.50] 0.70 [0.65, 0.75] p < 0.001
Trimesters      
trimester 1 (0–13 weeks) 1.36 [1.28, 1.44] 0.79 [0.71, 0.88] p < 0.001
trimester 2 (14–27 weeks) 1.35 [1.27, 1.44] 0.84 [0.75, 0.94] p < 0.001
trimester 3 (>27 weeks) 1.45 [1.36, 1.55] 0.66 [0.60, 0.74] p < 0.001