Table 3.

Comparative analysis of pre and post-intervention scores in intercultural competence, self-efficacy, and knowledge related to health disparities and VMR

Scale	Subscale	Description	Mean (SD)		Cohen’s d	Coefficient of variation (CV = SD/Mean)		t	Sig. (bilateral)
			PRE	Post		PRE	Post
Intercultural Competence	Knowledge	Self-reported knowledge on health disparities	2.02 (0.67)	2.94 (0.59)	1.57	0.33	0.20	-14.28	< 0.001
	Attitudes	Attitudes towards factors contributing to health disparities	4.61 (0.85)	4.98 (0.86)	0.43	0.18	0.17	-4.80	< 0.001
	Awareness	Awareness of racial, ethnic, or cultural stereotypes	0.79 (0.18)	0.82 (0.17)	0.21	0.24	0.20	-2.62	0.01
	Importance	Importance of cultural competency training for health professionals	0.94 (0.12)	0.97 (0.09)	0.40	0.12	0.09	-2.99	< 0.01
	Empathy	Empathic perspective taking & empathic awareness	2.22 (0.54)	2.52 (0.45)	0.67	0.24	0.18	-6.92	< 0.001
	TOTAL		10.57 (1.54)	12.23 (1.47)	1.13	0.15	0.12	-12.64	< 0.001
Self-efficacy		Awareness on the personal capacity to assess factors related VMR	3.08 (0.62)	3.29 (0.54)	0.38	0.20	0.16	-3.56	0.001
Knowledge		General knowledge on VMR	3.03 (1.13)	4.08 (0.88)	1.19	0.37	0.22	-8.40	< 0.001

Note: This table displays the results of a bivariate analysis comparing pre- and post-intervention scores of the intercultural competence, self-efficacy and knowledge scales. The mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) are reported for each subscale for both the pre- and post-intervention groups. The effect size is measured using Cohen’s d, and the coefficient of variation (CV) is also provided. The t-value and bilateral significance level are reported for each subscale, indicating whether there was a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores

Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated using the formula: CV = SD / Mean

Significance level (Sig.) was set at p < 0.05