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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Comput Biol Med. 2023 Oct 24;167:107628. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107628

Table 3:

Summary of literature publications on diagnosing pediatric OSA severity using ECG signals. The values of our study are shown in bold.

Publication Recordings Signal Algorithm Validation AHI threshold (e/h) Se (%) Sp (%) Acc (%) PPV (%) NPV (%) LR+ LR−
Shouldice et al. [3] 50 RR Interval* QD Training/test Loo-cv 1 85.70 81.80 84.00 85.70 81.80 4.71 0.17
Gil et al. [28][29] 21 PPG* QDA - >18 OSA
<5 No OSA		 87.50 71.40 80.00 - - 3.05 0.17
Lázaro et al. [30] 21 PPG* LDA Training/test Loo-cv >18 OSA
<5 No OSA		 100.00 71.40 86.70 - - 3.5 0.00
Martin-Montero et al. [33] 1738 HRV* LDA Training/test 1
5
10		 85.47
64.44
53.66		 35.38
93.78
97.67		 74.58
84.95
91.64		 82.64
81.69
78.57		 40.35
85.96
92.99		 1.32
10.36
23.07		 0.41
0.38
0.47
Martin-Montero et al. [32] 1738 HRV* MLP Training/test 1
5
10		 76.30
62.50
66.70		 38.30
84.20
91.60		 63.40
81.00
89.30		 70.70
40.70
44.20		 45.50
92.80
96.50		 1.20
4.00
7.90		 0.60
0.40
0.40
Martin-Montero et al. [31] 1610 HRV* LSBoost Training/validation/test 1
5
10		 90.76
66.67
40.00		 23.40
61.17
92.03		 80.07
63.18
84.12		 86.26
49.66
47.37		 32.35
76.16
89.53		 1.18
1.72
5.02		 0.39
0.54
0.65
This work 1610 ECG CNN Training/validation/test 1
5
10 		84.19
76.67
53.66 		46.15
91.39
98.06 		75.92
86.96
91.97 		84.91
79.31
81.48 		44.78
90.09
93.01 		1.56
8.09
27.69 		0.34
0.26
0.47
*

Classification was performed using features extracted from these signals.

PSG (polysomnography); RR interval (interval between two R peaks); PPG (photoplethysmography); HRV( heart rate variability); PTTV (pulse transit time variability); PRV (pulse rate variability); ECG (electrocardiogram); QD (quadratic discriminant); LDA (linear discriminant analysis); MLP (multilayer perceptron); FCBF (fast correlation based filter); LSBoost (least-squares boosting); CNN (convolutional neural network); Loo-cv (leave-one-out cross-validation); e/h (events/hour); Se (sensitivity); Sp (specificity); PPV (positive predictive value), NPV (negative predictive value), LR+ (positive likelihood ratio); LR− (negative likelihood ratio); AHI (apnea-hypopnea index); OSA (obstructive sleep apnea).