Table 2.
Postoperative outcomes in the intervention vs. control groups
| Variables | Intervention Group (n = 57) | Control Group (n = 58) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive Complication Index | |||
| Mean (SD) | 6.1 (15.8) | 9.8 (12.7) | 0.291 |
| Median (Q1-Q3) | 0 (0-12.2) | 0 (0-22.6) | 0.082 |
| Comprehensive Complication Index > 20, No. (%) | 6 (10.5) | 15 (25.9) | 0.033 |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.990 |
| Anastomotic leakage | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.990 |
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.4) | 0.569 |
| Bleeding | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.990 |
| Ileus | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 0.157 |
| Pulmonary complications | 1 (1.8) | 5 (8.6) | 0.098 |
| Cardiovascular complications | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.4) | 0.569 |
| Neurological complications | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.319 |
| Overall complications, No. (%) | 14 (24.6) | 23 (39.7) | 0.083 |
| Number of patients with medical complication, No. (%) a | 7 (12.3) | 17 (29.3) | 0.025 |
| Cardiovascular | 2 (3.5) | 4 (6.9) | 0.414 |
| Neurological | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.7) | 0.548 |
| Pulmonary | 4 (7.0) | 9 (15.5) | 0.257 |
| Urological | 2 (3.5) | 3 (5.2) | 0.662 |
| Thromboembolic | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.319 |
| Others | 1 (1.8) | 4 (6.9) | 0.176 |
| Number of patients with surgical complication, No. (%) a | 8 (14.0) | 10 (17.2) | 0.636 |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 2 (3.5) | 3 (5.2) | 0.662 |
| Anastomotic leakage | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.990 |
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.4) | 0.986 |
| Bleeding | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.990 |
| Ileus | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | 0.157 |
| Cholecystitis | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0.311 |
| Abdominal wound complication | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.4) | 0.569 |
| Number of patients with both medical and surgical complication, No. (%) | 4 (7.0) | 7 (12.1) | 0.357 |
| Time to first, Median (Q1-Q3), d c | |||
| Aerofluxus | 3 [3, 4] | 3 [3, 4] | 0.361 |
| Defecation | 5 [5, 6] | 6 [5, 6] | 0.169 |
| Liquid diet | 3 [3, 4] | 4 [3, 4] | 0.129 |
| Half-liquid diet | 7 [6, 8] | 8 [7, 8] | 0.176 |
| In-hospital mortality | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0.311 |
| Length of postoperative hospital stay, Median (Q1-Q3), d | 8 [6, 10] | 8 [7, 11] | 0.493 |
| ICU admission | 7 (12.3) | 8 (13.8) | 0.810 |
| ICU days of stay | 2 [1, 3] | 2 [1, 4] | 0.224 |
| Hospital readmission < 30 days, No. (%) | 3 (5.3) | 3 (5.2) | 0.983 |
Abbreviation: ICU Intensive Care Unit, Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile
aMore than one complication may be present in a patient
bDelirium, collapse, decubitus
cData on relevant variables were missing for very few participants, and all missing values were filled in with the corresponding median values in each group