Table 2.

Shoulder injuries in high school softball athletes

Lead Author	Significant Findings
Robinson 42	Shoulder injury rate 0.9/10,000 AE 87% of all shoulder injuries were new injuries
Wasserman 53	Shoulder injury rate 1/10,000 AE
Krajnik 27	Shoulder injury rate 1/10,000 AE 39% overuse injuries 39% noncontact injuries
Bonza 7	Shoulder injury rate 1.1/10,000 AE
Snyder Valier 49	Shoulder injury rate 1.1/10,000 AE a
Oliver 36	Shoulder injury rate 1.1/10,000 AE 50.4% chronic/overuse injuries 25.6% noncontact injuries
Gooch 18	39.2% of pitchers suffered shoulder pain or injury Shoulder pain/injury associated with higher number of pitches per game (p = 0.05), week (p = 0.03), and year (p = 0.02)
Darrow 11	Shoulder injuries accounted for 8.7% of severe injuries (injuries with >21 days loss of participation)
Rechel 41	Shoulder injuries accounted for 6.9% of injuries requiring surgery
Shanley 45	Shoulder injuries accounted for 38% of all injuries
Powell 40	Shoulder injuries accounted for 16.3% of all injuries
Kerr 25	Shoulder injuries accounted for 15.3% of all NTL injuries
Smith 48	Shoulder injuries accounted for 61% of injuries in pitchers 37.5% of pitchers suffered shoulder injuries

AE, athletic exposures; NTL, nontime loss.

^aTime-loss injuries only.