Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information of the ACT total enrollment cohort, ACT cohort at risk of dementia, and Eye ACT cohort as of 03/2023.
| ACT total enrollment N=5763 | Currently at risk of dementia in ACT (excluding Eye ACT participants) N=1868 | Prospective Eye ACT cohort to date N=330 | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Total follow-up since ACT baseline, in person-years | 44,886.90 | 13,303.00 | 1574.9 | - |
|
| ||||
| Mean age at ACT enrollment (SD) | 74.1 (6.4) | 71.2 (4.7) | 70.3 (4.1) | 0.014 |
|
| ||||
| Median number of ACT visits since ACT baseline (range) | 4 (1–14) | 4 (1–14) | 3 (1–13) | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Female | 58% | 60% | 50% | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Raceb | 0.005 | |||
| White | 89.4% | 87.2% | 92.4% | |
| Black | 3.6% | 3.4% | 0.3% | |
| Asian | 3.5% | 4.4% | 2.4% | |
| American Indian, or Alaskan Native | 0.2% | 0.1% | - | |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.1% | - | |
| Mixed race or Other | 3.3% | 4.8% | 4.9% | |
|
| ||||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 1% | 2% | 2% | 0.84 |
|
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| Mean years of education (SD)c | 15.0 (3.2) | 16.2 (3.0) | 17.7 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
|
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| Any APOE ε4d | 26% | 26% | 27% | 0.68 |
|
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| Cardiovascular diseasee | 28% | 16% | 10% | 0.008 |
|
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| Cerebrovascular diseasee | 21% | 11% | 6% | 0.01 |
|
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| History of a diabetes prescriptionf | 16% | 13% | 10% | 0.07 |
|
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| Hypertensione | 60% | 53% | 45% | 0.004 |
|
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| Smokinge | 0.94 | |||
| Never | 48% | 54% | 54% | |
| Past | 48% | 43% | 44% | |
| Current | 3% | 3% | 2% | |
|
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| Median number of clinical eye encounters [IQR]f | 22 [10–39] | 25 [13–43] | 29 [15–41] | 0.19 |
|
| ||||
| Median number of VA measures [IQR]f | 11 [1–24] | 14 [6–25] | 16 [9–25] | 0.01 |
|
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| Median number of IOP measures [IQR]f | 10 [1–21] | 13 [6–22] | 13 [8–22] | 0.02 |
|
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| Presence of visual impairment in at least one eyef | 37% | 22% | 12% | <0.001 |
|
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| Presence of AMDf | 32% | 25% | 18% | 0.02 |
|
| ||||
| Presence of DRf | 8% | 6% | 4% | 0.18 |
|
| ||||
| Presence of glaucomaf | 19% | 14% | 14% | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Ever diagnosed with cataractsf | 86% | 90% | 93% | 0.09 |
|
| ||||
| History of cataract surgeryf | 48% | 54% | 50% | 0.15 |
ACT, Adult Changes in Thought; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; APOE ε4, Apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele; DR, diabetic retinopathy; IOP, intraocular pressure; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; VA, visual acuity.
P-values compare people in Eye ACT to the rest of those currently at risk of AD/ADRD. They are from Wilcoxon’s rank sum statistic for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
ACT participants self-identified their race.
Truncated at 21 years.
Available for 4686 (81%) in ACT, 1698 (91%) Currently at risk of dementia and not in Eye ACT, and 224 (68%) in Eye ACT.
Self-report, most recent ACT study biennial visit.
Most recent data from electronic health records.