TABLE 4.
Causes of DRPs.
| Categories of causes | Number of cases/case | Proportion/% |
|---|---|---|
| Prescribing and drug selection | 51 | 38.35 |
| C1 Drug selection | 26 | 19.55 |
| C1.1 Inappropriate drug according to guidelines/formulary | 14 | 10.53 |
| C1.2 No indication for drug | 2 | 1.50 |
| C1.3 Inappropriate combination of drugs, or drugs and herbal medications, or drugs and dietary supplements | 2 | 1.50 |
| C1.4 Inappropriate duplication of the therapeutic group or active ingredient | 5 | 3.76 |
| C1.5 No or incomplete drug treatment despite existing indication |
3 | 2.26 |
| C3 Dose selection | 25 | 18.80 |
| C3.1 Drug dose too low | 4 | 3.01 |
| C3.2 Drug dose of a single active ingredient too high | 9 | 6.77 |
| C3.3 Dosage regimen not frequent enough | 3 | 2.26 |
| C3.4 Dosage regimen too frequent | 8 | 6.02 |
| C3.5 Dose timing instructions wrong, unclear, or missing | 1 | 0.75 |
| Disp | 5 | 3.76 |
| C5 Dispensing | 5 | 3.76 |
| C5.2 Necessary information not provided or incorrect advice provided | 5 | 3.76 |
| Use | 77 | 57.89 |
| C7 Patient related | 42 | 31.58 |
| C7.1 Patient intentionally uses/takes less drug than prescribed or does not take the drug at all for whatever reason | 18 | 13.53 |
| C7.3 Patient abuses drug (unregulated overuse) | 1 | 0.75 |
| C7.4 Patient decides to use an unnecessary drug | 2 | 1.50 |
| C7.7 Inappropriate timing or dosing intervals | 17 | 12.78 |
| C7.8 Patient unintentionally administers/uses the drug in a wrong way |
4 | 3.01 |
| C8 Patient transfer-related | 11 | 8.27 |
| C8.1 Medication reconciliation problem | 11 | 8.27 |
| C9 Other | 24 | 18.05 |
| C9.1 No or inappropriate outcome monitoring (incl. TDM) | 1 | 0.75 |
| C9.2 Other cause; specify | 20 | 15.04 |
| C9.3 No obvious cause | 3 | 2.26 |
| Total | 133 | 100.00 |