Fig. 4. Receiver operating characteristic plots of GAAD and GALAD (Cobas) algorithms and Elecsys AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II assays for differentiation of cirrhotic CLD controls and early-stage (A) or all-stage (B) HCC patients, differentiation of non-cirrhotic CLD controls and early-stage (C) or all-stage (D) HCC patients, differentiation of CLD controls and early-stage (E) or all-stage (F) HCC patients with HBV, and differentiation of CLD controls and early-stage (G) or all-stage (H) HCV etiologies.

*P < 0.0001 vs. GAAD; ^†P < 0.0001 vs. GALAD. P-values for comparisons between other surveillance strategies were non-significant. AFP, α-fetoprotein; AFP-L3, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of α-fetoprotein; AUC, area under the curve; CLD, chronic liver disease; GAAD, gender (biological sex), age, AFP, PIVKA-II; GALAD, gender (biological sex), age, AFP-L3, AFP, PIVKA-II; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; PIVKA-II, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II.