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. 2024 Oct 30;15:1434636. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1434636

TABLE 3.

Heart rate recovery and handgrip strength after singles and doubles beach tennis session stratified by the competition level of the participants.

Variables Level 1: Advanced (n = 11) Level 2: Intermediate (n = 11) p-Value
Heart rate rec (bpm)
Post_0′
Singles 156 ± 5 (150–166)* 142 ± 4 (133–150) 14 ± 7 (1–28) 0.037
Doubles 126 ± 8 (110–143) 138 ± 6 (126–151) −12 ± 10 (−32 to 9) 0.254
Post_1′
Singles 129 ± 4 (122–136)* 127 ± 3 (120–134)* 2 ± 5 (−8–12) 0.727
Doubles 114 ± 5 (105–123) 115 ± 4 (108–122) −1 ± 5 (−13 to 10) 0.778
Post_2′
Singles 119 ± 2 (115–123) 119 ± 3 (114–124) 0 ± 3 (−7 to 6) 0.897
Doubles 111 ± 4 (102–119) 119 ± 4 (111–127) −8 ± 6 (−20 to 3) 0.169
Post_3′
Singles 115 ± 4 (108–123) 112 ± 3 (107–117) 3 ± 5 (−6–12) 0.461
Doubles 108 ± 6 (92–119) 111 ± 3 (106–116) −3 ± 6 (−16 to 9) 0.627
Post_4′
Singles 112 ± 4 (104–119) 106 ± 2 (102–111) 6 ± 4 (−3–14) 0.234
Doubles 102 ± 6 (91–113) 108 ± 3 (102–113) −6 ± 6 (−18 to 6) 0.326
Post_5′
Singles 106 ± 4 98–114)* 102 ± 3 (97–108) 4 ± 5 (−6–14) 0.440
Doubles 94 ± 5 (84–104) 102 ± 3 (97–107) −8 ± 6 (−19 to 3) 0.161
Handgrip strength (KgF)
Pre
Singles 43 ± 2 (39–48) 35 ± 1 (32–38) 8 ± 3 (3–14) 0.002
Doubles 41 ± 2 (37–44) 36 ± 1 (34–38) 5 ± 2 (0–9) 0.034
Post 5′
Singles 42 ± 2 (38–46) 37 ± 1 (35–39) 5 ± 2 (1–10) 0.018
Doubles 43 ± 2 (39–47) 38 ± 1 (36–40) 5 ± 2 (1–10) 0.024
Post 30′
Singles 42 ± 2 (38–46) 36 ± 1 (34–37) 6 ± 2 (1–10) 0.010
Doubles 43 ± 2 (39–48) 37 ± 1 (35–39) 6 ± 3 (1–11) 0.020

Values are mean ± standard error (95% Confidence Interval); *Singles is different from Doubles (p < 0.05); p-value is comparing the levels separately in the session (level 1 vs. level 2). Bold p-values indicate significant results (p < 0.05).