FIGURE 2.

Blue-light exposure for 12 h reduces daytime and nighttime sleep in male and female Canton-S (CS) D. melanogaster, but not white (w¹¹¹⁸) mutants. (A) Timeline of entire experiment, showing 2 d of baseline 12:12 white/dark (WD), 6 d experimental 12:12 blue/dark (BD), and 2 d recovery WD. (B) Sleep patterns for male and female CS (red) and w¹¹¹⁸ (gray) flies. Sleep (min) during each 30-min bin of the day was averaged across flies for each group and plotted to show overall sleep profiles over the second baseline and first four experimental days. (C) Differences in sleep between experimental days and baseline of male and female CS and w¹¹¹⁸. Mean sleep duration (min) in each 30-min bin of the baseline day was subtracted from the mean sleep duration in each respective bin on the first four experimental days. (D) Total sleep duration (min) during day (ZT0–12) and night (ZT12–24) for all groups. All experimental and recovery days of the experiment are shown, along with the second baseline day. Sexes and genotypes were analyzed separately with a repeated-measures ANOVA or nonparametric alternative, followed by post-hoc tests. Asterisks indicates significant difference in day/night sleep (per post-hoc test) within group between experimental/recovery and baseline day (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). Ns were 30, 31, 29, 29 for CS female, w¹¹¹⁸ female, CS male, w¹¹¹⁸ male, respectively.