Good feeding |
Food availability |
Yes |
0 |
352 |
69 |
<0.001 |
No |
2 |
158 |
31 |
Water availability |
Yes |
0 |
89 |
17.5 |
<0.001 |
No |
2 |
421 |
82.5 |
Body condition score |
BCS = 3 (good body condition) |
0 |
180 |
35.3 |
<0.001 |
BCS = 2 or BCS = 4 (moderate body condition) |
1 |
267 |
52.4 |
BCS = 0–1 or BCS = 5 (cachexia or obesity) |
2 |
63 |
12.4 |
Good housing |
Currently available shade |
Yes |
0 |
41 |
8 |
<0.001 |
No |
2 |
469 |
92 |
Risk of injury |
No |
0 |
445 |
87.3 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
65 |
12.7 |
Presence of ectoparasites |
No |
0 |
391 |
76.7 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
119 |
23.3 |
Camel coat cleanliness |
Clean |
0 |
375 |
73.5 |
<0.001 |
Partially clean |
1 |
112 |
22 |
Dirty |
2 |
23 |
4.5 |
Tethered |
No |
0 |
488 |
95.7 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
22 |
4.3 |
Restrained into two/three legs |
No |
0 |
365 |
71.6 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
145 |
28.4 |
Hobbled |
No |
0 |
486 |
95.3 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
24 |
4.7 |
Voluntary resting behavior |
Yes |
0 |
143 |
28 |
<0.001 |
No |
2 |
367 |
72 |
Good health |
Presence of bleeding |
No |
0 |
477 |
93.5 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
33 |
6.5 |
Presence of injury (open wounds) |
No |
0 |
459 |
90 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
51 |
10 |
Presence of swollen joints |
No |
0 |
495 |
97.1 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
15 |
2.9 |
Presence of lameness |
No |
0 |
507 |
99.4 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
3 |
0.6 |
Presence of skin disorders |
No |
0 |
329 |
64.5 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
181 |
35.5 |
Presence of discharge (nose, eye, vulva) |
No |
0 |
370 |
72.5 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
140 |
27.5 |
Presence of diarrhoea |
No |
0 |
499 |
97.8 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
11 |
2.2 |
Presence of respiratory disorders |
No |
0 |
507 |
99.4 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
3 |
0.6 |
Presence of other health disorders |
No |
0 |
425 |
83.3 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
85 |
16.7 |
Presence of pain-induced management practices (cauterization, branding, nose pag, mutilation) |
No |
0 |
358 |
70.2 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
152 |
29.8 |
Evident pain |
No |
0 |
493 |
96.7 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
17 |
3.3 |
Appropriate behavior |
Positive social camel-camel interactions (cow-calf contact, allogrooming, sniffing) |
Yes |
0 |
339 |
66.5 |
<0.001 |
No |
2 |
171 |
33.5 |
Aggressive camel-camel interactions |
No |
0 |
500 |
98 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
10 |
2 |
Stereotypies |
No |
0 |
508 |
99.6 |
<0.001 |
Yes |
2 |
2 |
0.4 |
Feeding or rumination |
Yes |
0 |
207 |
40.6 |
<0.001 |
No |
2 |
303 |
59.4 |
Approaching test |
Positive |
0 |
272 |
53.3 |
<0.001 |
Neutral |
1 |
151 |
29.6 |
Negative |
2 |
87 |
17.1 |