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. 2024 Nov 12;15:9785. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53727-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Plots show covariate-adjusted cumulative incidence of (a, c severe-critical COVID-19 or b, d) moderate COVID-19 by Low, Medium, and High tertiles of D29 (a, b) 50% inhibitory dilution neutralizing antibody titer (nAb-ID50) or (b, d) anti-Spike IgG concentration in baseline SARS-CoV-2–seronegative per-protocol vaccine recipients. e Covariate-adjusted hazard ratios of severe-critical COVID-19 or of moderate COVID-19 across D29 antibody marker tertiles. Endpoint counts for (a–d) calculated by inverse probability of sampling D29 marker weighting. The overall p value is from a two-sided generalized Wald test of whether the hazard rate of the designated COVID-19 endpoint differed across the Low, Medium, and High subgroups. Analyses adjusted for baseline behavioral risk score and geographic region. BAU binding antibody units, CI confidence interval, FDR false discovery rate, FWER family-wise error rate, IU international units, Pt. Est. point estimate. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.