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. 2024 Nov 12;15:9804. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54262-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a SEM image of the bi-layer twisted metasurface with the near-field coupling. The total area of the top metasurface is slightly smaller than the area of the bottom metasurface, thus allowing us to visualize both layers near the edge of the top metasurface. b Calculated eigenpolarization map of the anti-symmetric resonance of the near-field coupling design. c, d Measured angle-resolved reflection spectra under LCP and RCP illumination. e Measured reflection spectra at normal incidence corresponding to the dashed lines in (c, d). f Angle-resolved circular dichroism (CD) heatmap. g, h Measured LCP and RCP angle-resolved-reflection spectra of bi-layer twisted metasurface in the intermediate coupling regime. i Corresponding reflection spectra at normal incidence. j, k Simulated LCP and RCP reflection spectra at normal incidence of the bi-layer metasurface with variable twist angle operating in the intermediate coupling regime. l CD spectra calculated based on (j, k).