Table 1.
Univariant analysis of factors affecting hemorrhage after ESD for EEC
| Element | n | BG | CG | χ2/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 31) | (n = 227) | ||||
| Male [n (%)] | 149 | 18 (58.06) | 131 (57.70) | 0.001 | 0.970 |
| Age | 58.19±20.68 | 49.54±18.28 | 2.433 | 0.016 | |
| BMI (kg·m2) | 25.90±4.47 | 25.35±4.24 | 0.679 | 0.498 | |
| Smoking history | 170.32±76.45 | 165.64±96.49 | 0.259 | 0.796 | |
| Family history of esophageal cancer [n (%)] | 10 (32.26) | 73 (32.16) | 0.000 | 0.991 | |
| Hypertension history [n (%)] | 19 (61.29) | 68 (29.96) | 11.982 | 0.001 | |
| Diabetes history [n (%)] | 8 (25.81) | 43 (18.94) | 0.810 | 0.368 | |
| Position of lesions [n (%)] | 0.018 | 0.991 | |||
| Upper esophagus | 14 (45.16) | 103 (45.37) | |||
| Middle esophagus | 10 (32.26) | 75 (33.04) | |||
| Lower esophageal | 7 (22.58) | 49 (21.59) | |||
| Infiltrative depth [n (%)] | 0.015 | 0.902 | |||
| M1-M2 | 20 (64.52) | 149 (65.64) | |||
| M3-SM1 | 11 (35.48) | 78 (34.36) | |||
| Lesion resection [n (%)] | 0.094 | 0.760 | |||
| Complete resection | 24 (77.42) | 170 (74.89) | |||
| Partial resection | 7 (22.58) | 57 (25.11) | |||
| Duration of surgery (min) | 50.05±3.30 | 49.05±2.32 | 2.133 | 0.034 | |
| Lesion diameter (cm) | 3.05±1.21 | 2.56±0.86 | 2.782 | 0.006 | |
| Pathological types [n (%)] | 4.945 | 0.084 | |||
| Carcinoma in situ | 15 (48.39) | 87 (38.33) | |||
| Intramucosal carcinoma | 6 (19.35) | 90 (39.65) | |||
| Submucosal carcinoma | 10 (32.26) | 50 (22.02) | |||
| Submucosal injection solution [n (%)] | 0.043 | 0.836 | |||
| Glycerin fructose | 17 (54.84) | 120 (52.86) | |||
| Normal saline | 14 (45.16) | 107 (47.14) | |||
| Submucosal fibrosis [n (%)] | 12 (38.71) | 45 (19.82) | 5.652 | 0.017 | |
| CRP (mg·L-1) | 52.13±6.58 | 48.80±5.43 | 3.127 | 0.002 | |
| ALB (g·L-1) | 26.41±2.62 | 28.86±4.06 | 3.271 | 0.001 | |
| PCT (μg·mL-1) | 2.70±0.94 | 2.53±0.84 | 1.089 | 0.277 | |
| IL-6 (ng·mL-1) | 18.39±1.60 | 18.04±1.74 | 1.046 | 0.296 | |
| SAA (mg·L-1) | 31.30±2.63 | 31.49±2.63 | 0.378 | 0.706 |
ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EEC: early esophageal cancer; BG: bleeding group; CG: control group; BMI: body mass index; M1: the inner epithelial layer; M2: the lamina propria of the mucosa; M3: the muscularis mucosae; SM1: the upper 1/3 of the submucosa; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALB: serum albumin; PCT: serum procalcitonin; IL-6: interleukin-6; SAA: serum amyloid.