Table 1.

Specific nursing measures for long-term bedridden patients with different risk warning levels

Graded nursing	Nursing measures
Low-risk early warning level nursing	Set up green early warning signs and put them on patients’ bedside cards and medical records
	Instruct the patient’s family members to carry out proper physical function exercises for the patient, such as turning over and relaxing muscles regularly
	Make bedside turn-over cards, and record the patient’s turn-over time
	Put protective tools such as foam dressings and cushions under the patient’s bone protuberance and body gap
	Guide patients and their families to use bedpans correctly, and remove skin residues in time after urination and defecation
	Adjust the diet according to the patient’s specific condition, providing trace elements and nutrients to patients with severe malnutrition. For those who cannot eat orally, nasal feeding should be given
Medium-risk early-warning level nursing	Set up yellow early warning signs and put them on patients’ bedside cards and medical records
	Observe the patient’s breathing closely and conduct regular respiratory function training such as lip-contraction breathing and abdominal breathing exercises
	Use liquid dressing to form a lipid protective film on the skin surface
High-risk early-warning level nursing	Set up red early warning signs and put them on patients’ bedside cards and medical records
	An air cushion bed should be used for patients, with the air cushion properly inflated and placed on the bed surface. The surface should be covered with sheets, and the tightness and air flow of each connecting hose should be checked regularly