TABLE 2.
Results of the linear mixed‐effects models of the associations between hemodynamic metrics and various fixed effects.
| Predictors | BOLD delay | OLE | CoV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | CI | p | Estimate | CI | p | Estimate | CI | p | |
| (Intercept) | 1.66 | 0.99–2.33 | < 0.001 | 16.74 | 6.63–26.84 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003–0.005 | < 0.001 |
| Group [MS] | 0.13 | −0.30 to 0.56 | 0.544 | −3.04 | −8.39 to 2.31 | 0.261 | 0.001 | −0.000 to 0.001 | 0.092 |
| Location [deep WM] | −1.08 | −1.46 to −0.71 | < 0.001 | 1.74 | −1.75 to 5.23 | 0.326 | 0 | −0.001 to 0.000 | 0.123 |
| Lesion [NAWM] | −0.82 | −1.18 to −0.47 | < 0.001 | −1.92 | −5.25 to 1.41 | 0.256 | 0.002 | 0.002–0.003 | < 0.001 |
| Lesion volume | 0.01 | −0.03 to 0.04 | 0.756 | −0.16 | −0.73 to 0.42 | 0.592 | 0 | −0.000 to 0.000 | 0.578 |
| Age | −0.01 | −0.02 to 0.01 | 0.275 | 0.01 | −0.22 to 0.23 | 0.961 | 0 | −0.000 to 0.000 | 0.162 |
| Sex [male] | 0.18 | −0.08 to 0.44 | 0.165 | 3.24 | −0.98 to 7.46 | 0.131 | 0 | −0.000 to 0.001 | 0.233 |
| Group [MS] × location [deep WM] | 0.39 | −0.07 to 0.84 | 0.095 | −0.17 | −4.39 to 4.05 | 0.937 | 0 | −0.001 to 0.001 | 0.952 |
| Group [MS] × lesion [NAWM] | −0.04 | −0.47 to 0.40 | 0.87 | 1.97 | −2.11 to 6.04 | 0.342 | 0 | −0.001 to 0.000 | 0.176 |
| Location [deep WM] × lesion [NAWM] | 0.58 | 0.13–1.03 | 0.012 | 2.00 | −2.187 to 6.196 | 0.347 | −0.001 | −0.001 to −0.000 | 0.021 |
| (Group [MS] × location [deep WM]) × lesion [NAWM] | −0.49 | −1.07 to 0.09 | 0.097 | 1.31 | −4.038 to 6.659 | 0.629 | 0.001 | 0.000–0.002 | 0.046 |
Note: The variables in square brackets indicate the reference category for the categorical variables in the models. An “x” signifies an interaction between variables in the models. Statistically significant results (p < 0.05) are in bold.
Abbreviations: CI = 95% confidence interval; CoV = coefficient of variation of the BOLD signal; MS = multiple sclerosis; NAWM; normal‐appearing WM; OLE = oxygen level estimate; WM = white matter.