Figure 5.
Histopathological analysis of different implants at day 30. (a) Foreign body giant cells in the border zone surrounding bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). (b) A foreign body giant cell phagocytosing regenerated cellulose (RC). (c) Biomaterial fragmentation and foreign body giant cell infiltration into 3D-printed nanofibrils (CNFs). (d) Macrophages in the border zone surrounding polypropylene (PP) and (e) polydioxanone (PDS, NJ). Black arrow = foreign body giant cell, yellow arrow = phagocytosed biomaterial, arrowhead = macrophages, asterisk = implanted mesh/mesh hole or, in case of sham, suture material. H&E staining. Bars 200 μm (a, c–e) and 100 μm (b).