Table 2.
Baseline characteristics (n = 116).
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 36.9 ± 18.1 |
| Age groups, years | |
| ≤25 | 44 (37.9) |
| 26–44 | 33 (28.4) |
| 45–64 | 27 (23.3) |
| ≥65 | 12 (10.4) |
| Weight, kg, mean ± SD | 50.75 ± 10.6 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 18.3 ± 4.7 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 74 (63.8) |
| Female | 42 (36.2) |
| Marital status (n = 98) | |
| Married | 75 (76.5) |
| Unmarried | 23 (23.5) |
| Education (n = 98) | |
| Years of schooling, mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 4.8 |
| Primary (0–5) | 66 (67.3) |
| Secondary (6–10) | 23 (23.5) |
| Intermediate (11–12) | 5 (5.1) |
| Graduate (13–14) | 4 (4.1) |
| Positive HIV status | 0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 (20.7) |
| Female | 12 (50) |
| Male | 12 (50) |
| Raised ALT levels (mild) (n = 112) | 16 (14.3) |
| Hepatitis C | 1 (0.9) |
| Anaemia (mild and moderate) (n = 114) | 18 (15.8) |
| Anxiety/depression (mild and moderate) (n = 113) | 18 (15.9) |
| Epilepsy | 1 (0.9) |
| Smoking | 23 (19.8) |
| Drug history | 7 (6) |
| Drug resistance* | |
| Rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) | 44 (37.9) |
| Rifampicin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant (pre-XDR-TB) | 72 (62.1) |
| Previously treated with FLDs | 90 (77.5) |
| Outcomes of previous FLD treatment (n = 70) | |
| Failure to previous TB treatment | 8 (11.5) |
| Successful previous TB treatment | 7 (10) |
| Relapse from previous TB treatment | 1 (1.4) |
| Previous TB treatment not evaluated | 54 (77.1) |
| Previous TB treatment with SLDs | 0 |
| Site of DR-TB | |
| Pulmonary only | 114 (98.3) |
| Extrapulmonary only | 1 (0.9) |
| Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary | 1 (0.9) |
| Sub-diagnosis for extrapulmonary | |
| Skin | 1 (50) |
| Pleural effusion | 1 (50) |
| Total cavitary disease on chest X-ray in pulmonary TB (n = 115) | 61 (53) |
| MDR/RR-TB cases | 35 (57.3) |
| Pre-XDR-TB cases | 26 (42.6) |
| Positive sputum AFB smear in pulmonary TB (n = 115) | 100 (86.9) |
| Sputum culture | |
| Positive | 77 (66.4) |
| Contaminated | 11 (9.5) |
| Negative | 12 (10.3) |
| Result not available | 16 (13.8) |
*
Using pre-2021 WHO definitions, MDR-TB was defined as resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin; pre-XDR-TB was defined as MDR-TB plus resistance to fluoroquinolones.
SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; ALT = alanine transaminase; MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant TB; RR-TB = rifampicin-resistant TB; XDR-TB = extensively drug-resistant TB; FLD = first-line drugs; SLDs = second-line drugs; DR-TB = drug-resistant TB; AFB = acid-fast bacilli.