Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Nov 13;23:372. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02357-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — The function and main molecular mechanism of various adipokines on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adipokines are mainly divided into two categories: anti-inflammatory (including adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, chemerin, omentin and apelin, related signaling pathways are marked in each corresponding yellow box) and pro-inflammatory (leptin and resistin, related signaling pathways are marked in each corresponding blue box), while metrnl (related signaling pathway are marked in red box) exhibit opposite effects in various pathological condition. WAT: white adipose tissue; JAK2: janus-activated kinase 2; STAT3: signal transducers and activators of transcription 3; PI3K:phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; miRNA: microRNA; NO synthase: nitric oxide synthase; HSP70: heat shock protein 70; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; FoxO1: the class O of Forkhead box 1; NAD.⁺: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; p-eNOS: phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase; p-Akt: phosphorylation of protein kinase B; p38/MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; CD36: cluster of differentiation 36; PAK2: serine/threonine protein kinase 2; cGAS-STING: Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of interferon genes; LKB1: Liver Kinase B1; ULK1: UNC-51LikeAutophagyAckingKinase1; PKC: protein kinase C; ERK 1: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; ERK2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase 9; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; CAP1: adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1; MG53: mitsugumin 53; HMGB1: high mobility group box1protein; NFκB: Nuclear Factor kappa B; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; PTP1B: protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B; SOC3: suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; CB1: Cannabinoid Receptor 1; CB2: Cannabinoid Receptor 2