TABLE 2.
Nanomedicine that promotes cartilage regeneration and repair.
| Composition | Cell | Animal | Dose | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KGN-PLGA-PEG-PLGA-BMSCs | — | Rabbits |
In vitro:/ In vivo: 50 mg/kg |
Degenerated cartilage area↓ | Zhou et al. (2015) |
| CD90@ NPs | — | Rabbits |
In vitro:/ In vivo:12 mg/rat |
CD68, iNOS↓ IL-10, IGF1, CYCLIN B↑ Degenerated cartilage area, degenerated surface cartilage width, total osteophyte volume ↓ |
Cosenza et al. (2017) |
| hASC-EVs | Human chondrocytes-osteoarthritis | Rats |
In vitro: 1×108, 2×108 particles/mL In vivo: 1×108 particles/rat |
MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS5, IL-1β, CD86↓ | Zhai et al. (2022) |
| PPD-MSC-sEVs | Human chondrocytes-osteoarthritis | Mice |
In vitro:/ In vivo: 1×107 particles/mice |
ADAMTS5, MMP13, IL-1β, TNF-α↓ Aggrecan, COL1↑ |
Li et al. (2021a) |
| MMP13 siRNA NPs | ATDC5 | Mice |
In vitro:/ In vivo: 1,875 nmol |
MMP13↓ Degenerated cartilage area, degenerated surface cartilage width, total osteophyte volume ↓ |
Kalashnikova et al. (2020) |
KGN: kartogenin; BMSCs: bone marrow MSCs; mPEG-Hz-b-PCL: methoxy poly (ethylene oxide)-hydrazone-poly (ε-caprolactone) copolymers; CD90@ NPs: CD90+ MCS-derived micro-vesicle-coated nanoparticle; hASC-EVs: human adipose-derived stem cells extracellular vesicles; PPD: ε-polylysine-polyethylene-distearyl phosphatidylethanolamine; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase.