TABLE 4. Prevalences and 95% CIs, adjusted prevalence differences, and adjusted prevalence ratios for high school students that did and did not report receipt of unfair discipline at school, by race and ethnicity and selected health risk behaviors and experiences — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023*.
| Race or ethnicity† | Health risk behavior or experience§ | Student reporting unfair discipline¶ % (95% CI) | Student not reporting unfair discipline¶ % (95% CI) | aPD** | aPR** | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | Experience at school | |||||
| Bullied at school or electronically | 33.2 (14.8–58.9) | 17.6 (10.7–27.4) | 15.9 | 1.91 | 0.86–4.22 | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe | 20.4 (6.7–47.8) | 11.7 (5.8–22.2) | 7.0 | 1.58 | 0.48–5.18 | |
| Did not get mostly As and Bs |
30.4 (14.0–54.1) |
40.4 (26.2–56.5) |
−3.6 |
0.91 |
0.52–1.59 |
|
| Mental health and suicidal thought or behavior | ||||||
| Poor mental health | 26.4 (10.1–53.3) | 34.0 (21.6–49.0) | −12.2 | 0.66 | 0.25–1.70 | |
| Felt persistently sad or hopeless | 77.6 (55.4–90.7) | 43.9 31.2–57.6) | 29.5†† | 1.65§§ | 1.16–2.34 | |
| Seriously considered attempting suicide | 36.8 (15.3–65.1) | 13.3 (8.8–19.8) | 23.1 | 2.72§§ | 1.17–6.32 | |
| Attempted suicide | 14.1 (5.7–31.0) | 10.2 (6.3–16.2) | 2.7 | 1.25 | 0.44–3.58 | |
| Health risk behavior | ||||||
| Carried a weapon at school | 1.1 (0.4–3.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.7) | —¶¶ | 0.98 | 0.35–2.75 | |
| Ever prescription opioid misuse | 11.2 (4.5–25.4) | 12.8 (6.0–25.2) | −3.0 | 0.78 | 0.20–2.96 | |
| Poor sleep | 78.7 (46.2–94.1) | 75.0 (57.7–86.9) | 8.4 | 1.11 | 0.82–1.52 | |
| Asian | Experience at school | |||||
| Bullied at school or electronically | 31.0 (18.5–47.1) | 17.1 (12.0–23.6) | 13.7†† | 1.79§§ | 1.17–2.76 | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe | 22.3 (10.8–40.4) | 7.9 (3.9–15.2) | 12.1†† | 2.49§§ | 1.58–3.90 | |
| Did not get mostly As and Bs | 17.3 (9.8–28.6) | 14.4 (7.9–24.8) | 1.1 | 1.07 | 0.58–2.00 | |
| Mental health and suicidal thought or behavior | ||||||
| Poor mental health | 32.9 (19.2–50.2) | 19.9 (14.3–26.9) | 15.6 | 1.80§§ | 1.08–3.01 | |
| Felt persistently sad or hopeless | 48.4 (35.2–61.9) | 25.4 (19.5–32.3) | 24.1†† | 1.96§§ | 1.44–2.66 | |
| Seriously considered attempting suicide | 22.4 (14.8–32.4) | 9.7 (6.5–14.6) | 14.1†† | 2.48§§ | 1.42–4.34 | |
| Attempted suicide | 17.5 (10.1–28.8) | 6.4 (3.2–12.6) | 11.4†† | 2.81§§ | 1.63–4.84 | |
| Health risk behavior | ||||||
| Carried a weapon at school | 4.4 (1.0–16.8) | 2.2 (0.9–5.0) | 1.5 | 1.06 | 0.38–2.97 | |
| Ever prescription opioid misuse | 17.5 (8.4–33.1) | 8.2 (3.6–17.9) | 9.2 | 2.11 | 0.64–6.99 | |
| Poor sleep | 79.6 (62.4–90.1) | 83.0 (77.7–87.2) | −3.4 | 0.96 | 0.80–1.14 | |
| Black or African American | Experience at school | |||||
| Bullied at school or electronically | 29.8 (23.1–37.6) | 13.6 (11.0–16.7) | 16.3†† | 2.19§§ | 1.52–3.14 | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe | 23.2 (15.4–33.4) | 13.9 (9.0–20.8) | 9.7 | 1.70 | 0.91–3.19 | |
| Did not get mostly As and Bs | 40.0 (35.6–44.5) | 29.8 (24.5–35.8) | 9.2†† | 1.31§§ | 1.05–1.63 | |
| Mental health and suicidal thought or behavior | ||||||
| Poor mental health | 38.4 (32.7–44.4) | 24.2 (20.1–28.9) | 16.8†† | 1.71§§ | 1.36–2.14 | |
| Felt persistently sad or hopeless | 52.1 (46.6–57.7) | 36.4 (33.2–39.7) | 19.1†† | 1.53§§ | 1.32–1.78 | |
| Seriously considered attempting suicide | 23.3 (19.9–27.1) | 16.9 (13.3–21.2) | 8.2†† | 1.49§§ | 1.13–1.97 | |
| Attempted suicide | 12.4 (9.4–16.1) | 7.5 (5.7–9.8) | 5.3†† | 1.71§§ | 1.15–2.54 | |
| Health risk behavior | ||||||
| Carried a weapon at school | 5.0 (2.6–9.4) | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 2.8 | 2.40§§ | 1.14–5.05 | |
| Ever prescription opioid misuse | 18.2 (14.4–22.7) | 9.4 (7.1–12.2) | 9.0†† | 1.96§§ | 1.45–2.64 | |
| Poor sleep | 82.2 (67.0–91.3) | 78.8 (72.4–84.0) | 5.2 | 1.07 | 0.93–1.22 | |
| White | Experience at school | |||||
| Bullied at school or electronically | 48.1 (44.0–52.1) | 26.0 (23.9–28.1) | 22.9†† | 1.89§§ | 1.66–2.15 | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe | 20.8 (16.7–25.5) | 9.3 (7.1–12.1) | 12.1†† | 2.32§§ | 1.90–2.84 | |
| Did not get mostly As and Bs | 34.0 (29.9–38.3) | 18.4 (15.5–21.8) | 13.7†† | 1.74§§ | 1.49–2.03 | |
| Mental health and suicidal thought or behavior | ||||||
| Poor mental health | 40.2 (35.9–44.7) | 29.5 (26.6–32.7) | 13.3†† | 1.46§§ | 1.29–1.65 | |
| Felt persistently sad or hopeless | 53.8 (49.6–58.0) | 36.9 (33.6–40.2) | 20.1†† | 1.56§§ | 1.42–1.70 | |
| Seriously considered attempting suicide | 32.8 (29.7–36.0) | 19.3 (17.2–21.5) | 14.9†† | 1.78§§ | 1.59–2.00 | |
| Attempted suicide | 14.1 (10.9–18.1) | 6.7 (5.3–8.5) | 7.9†† | 2.18§§ | 1.74–2.74 | |
| Health risk behavior | ||||||
| Carried a weapon at school | 9.5 (5.8–15.4) | 3.8 (2.2–6.3) | 5.2†† | 2.36§§ | 1.73–3.23 | |
| Ever prescription opioid misuse | 16.3 (13.2–19.9) | 8.1 (6.6–10.0) | 8.6†† | 2.07§§ | 1.55–2.77 | |
| Poor sleep | 81.9 (76.9–86.0) | 74.2 (71.6–76.5) | 8.6†† | 1.12§§ | 1.06–1.18 | |
| Hispanic or Latino | Experience at school | |||||
| Bullied at school or electronically | 36.4 (28.3–45.4) | 17.6 (15.4–20.1) | 19.5†† | 2.13§§ | 1.72–2.64 | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe | 23.7 (17.0–32.1) | 14.0 (9.9–19.4) | 10.7†† | 1.78§§ | 1.40–2.26 | |
| Did not get mostly As and Bs | 43.2 (37.0–49.7) | 36.2 (30.9–41.7) | 6.8 | 1.19 | 0.97–1.45 | |
| Mental health and suicidal thought or behavior | ||||||
| Poor mental health | 33.0 (25.5–41.6) | 26.3 (23.8–28.9) | 8.6†† | 1.33§§ | 1.04–1.71 | |
| Felt persistently sad or hopeless | 50.9 (45.4–56.4) | 40.9 (37.1–44.8) | 12.2†† | 1.30§§ | 1.18–1.44 | |
| Seriously considered attempting suicide | 25.2 (19.6–31.9) | 15.8 (13.9–18.0) | 10.6†† | 1.68§§ | 1.34–2.12 | |
| Attempted suicide | 17.1 (13.3–21.8) | 7.6 (6.6–8.7) | 9.6†† | 2.30§§ | 1.71–3.11 | |
| Health risk behavior | ||||||
| Carried a weapon at school | 8.3 (5.2–12.9) | 2.9 (1.9–4.2) | 4.8†† | 2.71§§ | 1.47–5.01 | |
| Ever prescription opioid misuse | 19.1 (15.4–23.4) | 10.8 (9.3–12.4) | 8.0†† | 1.76§§ | 1.28–2.42 | |
| Poor sleep | 80.0 (75.2–84.0) | 74.5 (70.3–78.3) | 7.3†† | 1.10§§ | 1.01–1.19 | |
| Multiracial | Experience at school | |||||
| Bullied at school or electronically | 56.6 (46.3–66.3) | 16.0 (11.6–21.7) | 37.9†† | 3.31§§ | 2.34–4.69 | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe | 20.8 (12.2–33.2) | 8.6 (4.9–14.5) | 11.2†† | 2.29§§ | 1.21–4.34 | |
| Did not get mostly As and Bs | 38.8 (29.9–48.6) | 24.0 (16.6–33.3) | 13.8†† | 1.58§§ | 1.01–2.50 | |
| Mental health and suicidal thought or behavior | ||||||
| Poor mental health | 47.2 (36.2–58.6) | 24.4 (19.3–30.3) | 22.1†† | 1.91§§ | 1.41–2.60 | |
| Felt persistently sad or hopeless | 61.4 (53.4–68.8) | 37.5 (30.6–44.9) | 22.6†† | 1.59§§ | 1.32–1.92 | |
| Seriously considered attempting suicide | 32.6 (21.4–46.3) | 18.8 (13.1–26.4) | 12.1†† | 1.64§§ | 1.02–2.66 | |
| Attempted suicide | 20.7 (12.9–31.7) | 10.3 (7.2–14.6) | 8.4 | 1.79§§ | 1.01–3.17 | |
| Health risk behavior | ||||||
| Carried a weapon at school | 8.0 (4.4–14.2) | 2.9 (1.4–5.8) | 5.9 | 3.03 | 0.94–9.77 | |
| Ever prescription opioid misuse | 18.4 (13.1–25.3) | 8.1 (5.5–11.7) | 10.9†† | 2.35§§ | 1.39–3.96 | |
| Poor sleep | 82.6 (73.2–89.2) | 81.2 (76.4–85.1) | 4.0 | 1.05 | 0.96–1.14 | |
Abbreviations: aPD = adjusted prevalence difference; aPR = adjusted prevalence ratio.
* The total number of respondents varied by race and ethnicity category, with the following unweighted number of students responding to the discipline question: AI/AN = 839; Asian = 402; Black or African American = 1,242; White = 4,568; Hispanic or Latino = 2,289; and multiracial = 1,078. Data might be missing because 1) the question did not appear in that student’s questionnaire, 2) the student did not answer the question, or 3) the response was set to missing because of an out-of-range response or logical inconsistency. Percentages in each category are calculated on the known data.
† Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin might be of any race but are categorized as Hispanic; all racial groups are non-Hispanic.
§ Refer to Table 1 for variable definitions.
¶ Prevalence estimates and 95% CIs are not adjusted.
** aPD and aPR calculated using logistic regression models with predicted marginal proportions adjusted for grade and sex.
†† Statistically significant based on a pairwise difference from the aPD logistic regression model with predicted marginal proportions (p<0.05).
§§ Statistically significant; 95% CIs do not cross the value of 1.0.
¶¶ aPD = 0.0.