TABLE 5. Associations between negative safety and violence experiences and physical activity behaviors among high school students, by sex — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023*.
| Negative safety and violence experience† | Were physically active for a total of ≥60 minutes per day on all 7 days (met aerobic guideline) |
Did exercises to strengthen or tone muscles on ≥3 days (met muscle-strengthening guideline) |
Met both aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
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| PR§ (95% CI) | aPR¶ (95% CI) | PR§ (95% CI) | aPR¶ (95% CI) | PR§ (95% CI) | aPR¶ (95% CI) | PR§ (95% CI) | aPR¶ (95% CI) | PR§ (95% CI) | aPR¶ (95% CI) | PR§ (95% CI) | aPR¶ (95% CI) | |
| Skipped school due to feeling unsafe |
0.88 (0.68–1.14) |
0.98 (0.77–1.26) |
0.92 (0.74–1.15) |
1.04 (0.84–1.28) |
1.04 (0.93–1.15) |
1.06 (0.96–1.16) |
1.00 (0.91–1.10) |
1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
1.07 (0.76–1.51) |
1.19 (0.86–1.65) |
0.86 (0.61– 1.22) |
1.01 (0.73– 1.41) |
| Threatened or injured with a weapon on school property |
1.26 (0.98–1.62) |
1.34 (1.03–1.74)** |
0.99 (0.86–1.13) |
1.12 (0.97–1.29) |
1.34 (1.20–1.49)** |
1.28 (1.12–1.45)** |
1.14 (1.03–1.25)** |
1.17 (1.07–1.28)** |
1.33 (0.93–1.91) |
1.38 (0.98–1.96) |
0.85 (0.70– 1.03) |
0.98 (0.82–1.17) |
| Witnessed neighborhood violence |
0.91 (0.73–1.13) |
1.00 (0.80–1.26) |
1.08 (0.94–1.24) |
1.17 (1.02–1.33)** |
0.96 (0.81–1.12) |
1.01 (0.88–1.16) |
1.07 (1.00–1.15)** |
1.11 (1.04–1.18)** |
0.91 (0.67–1.22) |
1.03 (0.76–1.38) |
1.07 (0.91– 1.25) |
1.15 (0.99–1.34) |
| Bullied at school |
1.19 (0.96–1.47) |
1.21 (1.01–1.45)** |
0.83 (0.69–1.01) |
0.91 (0.78–1.06) |
1.12 (1.01–1.25)** |
1.09 (0.99–1.20) |
0.97 (0.90–1.05) |
1.02 (0.93–1.11) |
1.48 (1.13– 1.94)** |
1.53 (1.22– 1.93)** |
0.84 (0.68–1.03) |
0.93 (0.78– 1.12) |
| Bullied electronically | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 1.19 (0.98–1.45) | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 1.23 (0.90–1.69) | 1.28 (0.98– 1.67) | 0.84 (0.63–1.11) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) |
Abbreviations: aPR = adjusted prevalence ratio; PR = prevalence ratio.
* N = 20,103 respondents. The total number of students answering each question varied. Data might be missing because 1) the question did not appear in that student’s questionnaire, 2) the student did not answer the question, or 3) the response was set to missing because of an out-of-range response or logical inconsistency. Percentages in each category are calculated on the known data.
† Each negative safety experience was included in a separate model with each of the physical activity behaviors, with no other negative safety experiences adjusted for in any model.
§ PR for physical activity behaviors, comparing students with negative safety experiences to those without (referent group).
¶ aPR for physical activity behaviors, adjusted for grade, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity, comparing students with negative safety experiences to those without (referent group).
** Estimates were considered statistically significant if the 95% Cis did not include 1.0. Certain 95% CIs include 1.0 because of rounding.