TABLE 4. Associations between asking for sexual consent verbally with experiences of sexual violence and sexual behaviors among high school students, by sex — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023*.
| Experience of sexual violence or sexual behavior | Asked for sexual consent verbally at last sexual contact† |
|
|---|---|---|
| Female aPR (95% CI)§ | Male aPR (95% CI)§ | |
|
Experience of sexual violence
| ||
| Experienced sexual violence by anyone during the past 12 months |
0.87 (0.74–1.01) |
0.76 (0.49–1.17) |
| Experienced sexual dating violence during the past 12 months¶ |
1.02 (0.76–1.37) |
1.01 (0.54–1.90) |
| Ever experienced forced sexual intercourse |
0.81 (0.65–1.01) |
0.81 (0.46–1.42) |
|
Sexual behavior
| ||
| Ever sexual intercourse |
1.10 (1.00–1.22)** |
1.20 (1.07–1.34)**,†† |
| First sexual intercourse before age 13§§ |
0.42 (0.27–0.67)**,†† |
0.47 (0.28–0.79)**,†† |
| Currently sexually active |
1.14 (0.98–1.31) |
1.26 (1.02–1.55)**,†† |
| Alcohol or drug use during last sexual intercourse§§ |
0.67 (0.47–0.95)**,†† |
0.68 (0.43–1.05) |
| Condom use during last sexual intercourse§§ |
1.34 (1.04–1.74)**,†† |
1.43 (1.11–1.84)**,†† |
| Highly or moderately effective hormonal contraceptive method use during last sexual intercourse¶¶ |
1.02 (0.77–1.34) |
0.91 (0.58–1.42) |
| Condoms as primary contraceptive method during last sexual intercourse¶¶ |
1.31 (0.95–1.79) |
1.43 (1.05–1.93)**,†† |
| Received STI testing during the past 12 months | 1.01 (0.68–1.49) | 0.97 (0.45–2.07) |
Abbreviations: aPR = adjusted prevalence ratio; STI = sexually transmitted infection.
* N = 20,103 respondents. The total number of students answering each question varied. Data might be missing because: 1) the question did not appear in that student’s questionnaire, 2) the student did not answer the question, or 3) the response was set to missing because of an out-of-range response or logical inconsistency. Percentages in each category are calculated on the known data.
† Prevalence ratio of experiences of sexual violence and sexual behaviors comparing students who asked for sexual consent verbally to those who did not ask for sexual consent verbally, among students who ever had sexual contact.
§ aPR adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity.
¶ Among students who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey.
** Model-adjusted risk differences were assessed through pairwise comparisons of students who asked for verbal sexual consent versus those who did not. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
†† aPRs were considered significant if the 95% CI did not cross the null value of 1.00.
§§Among students who ever had sexual intercourse.
¶¶ Among students who ever had sexual intercourse with an opposite-sex partner.