Figure 6.

TECs experience a metabolic transition from FAO-dependent OXPHOS to a predominantly glycolytic metabolism in SA-AKI. During the progression of SA-AKI, the metabolism of TECs has changed from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis, specifically, glucose undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions to be metabolized into pyruvate and generates ATP in the cytoplasm of TECs. Under hypoxic conditions, pyruvate cannot enter the mitochondria for aerobic respiration and is instead reduced to lactate via action of LDH. GLUT, glucose transporter; HK2, hexokinase2; PFKFB3, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3; PKM2, Pyruvate kinase M2; MCT, Medium chain triglyceride; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.