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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Allergy. 2024 May 26;79(11):3047–3061. doi: 10.1111/all.16174

Figure 2: Associations between air toxic levels and allergic rhinitis.

Figure 2:

(A) The volcano plot shows the coefficients (x-axis) and p-values (y-axis) obtained from logistic regression models for the 60 air toxics selected by elastic-net. Air toxics with a significant association (P < 0.05), as well as those that feature prominently in downstream analyses (acrylic acid and phosphine, in bold letters) are colored by red (positive association) or blue (negative association). (B) Bar plots showing the proportion of AR status (yes/no) by the quartiles of selected air toxics. The selected air toxics include the top two negatively-associated air toxics (cobalt compounds and quinone (p-benzoquinone)), the top two positively associated air toxics (antimony compounds and benzyl chloride), and two additional air toxics that feature prominently in downstream results (acrylic acid and phosphine).