Table 1.
Patient characteristics of HCC patients in the training and validation cohorts
| Total (n = 857) | Training cohort (n = 648) | Validation cohort (n = 209) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 58.6 ± 11.5 | 58.6 ± 11.5 | 58.7 ± 11.7 | 0.906 |
| Male, n (%) | 670 (78.2) | 513 (79.2) | 157 (75.1) | 0.218 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 222 (25.9) | 176 (27.2) | 46 (22) | 0.139 |
| Viral hepatitis status, n (%) | 0.845 | |||
| HBV | 443 (51.7) | 338 (52.2) | 105 (50.2) | |
| HCV | 258 (30.1) | 190 (29.3) | 68 (32.5) | |
| HBV + HCV | 42 (4.9) | 32 (4.9) | 10 (4.8) | |
| NBNC | 114 (13.3) | 88 (13.6) | 26 (12.4) | |
| Platelets < 150 103/µL, n (%) | 411 (48.0) | 304 (46.9) | 107 (51.2) | 0.281 |
| Albumin (g/dL); mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.63 ± 0.61 | 3.67 ± 0.63 | 0.384 |
| Total bilirubin(mg/dL), mean ± SD | 0.80 ± 0.34 | 0.83 ± 0.34 | 0.80 ± 0.32 | 0.300 |
| ALBI score, mean ± SD | -2.36 ± 0.53 | -2.35 ± 0.53 | -2.39 ± 0.54 | 0.339 |
| FIB-4 index, mean ± SD | 0.92 ± 0.75 | 0.93 ± 0.82 | 0.88 ± 0.51 | 0.385 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 400 (46.7) | 296 (45.7) | 104 (49.8) | 0.304 |
| Child-Pugh grade, n (%) | 0.504 | |||
| A | 786 (91.7) | 592 (91.4) | 194 (92.8) | |
| B | 71 (8.3) | 56 (8.6) | 15 (7.2) | |
| BCLC stage, n (%) | 0.510 | |||
| 0 | 124 (14.5) | 106 (16.4) | 29 (13.9) | |
| A | 733 (85.5) | 542 (83.6) | 180 (86.1) | |
| AFP (ng/mL), n (%) | 0.052 | |||
| < 20 | 526 (61.4) | 395 (61.0) | 131 (62.7) | |
| 20-200 | 167 (19.5) | 137 (21.1) | 30 (14.4) | |
| > 200 | 164 (19.1) | 116 (17.9) | 48 (23.0) | |
| Tumor size (cm)a; mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.86 ± 1.02 | 2.90 ± 0.99 | 0.680 |
| Tumor number, n (%) | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 0.512 | ||
| Single | 780 (91.0) | 588 (90.7) | 188 (90.0) | |
| Multiple | 77 (9.0) | 60 (9.3) | 21 (10.0) | |
| Tumor burden score; mean ± SD | 10.6 ± 6.2 | 10.6 ± 6.3 | 10.5 ± 6.0 | 0.837 |
| Microvascular invasion | 0.347 | |||
| Yes | 327 (38.2) | 263 (39.0) | 74 (35.4) | |
| No | 530 (61.8) | 395 (61.0) | 135 (64.6) | |
| Recurrence, n (%) | 486 (56.7) | 371 (57.3) | 115 (55.0) | 0.572 |
| Death, n (%) | 324 (37.8) | 247 (38.1) | 77 (36.8) | 0.741 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%).Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NBNC, non HBV non HCV; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; FIB-4, fibrosis-4; BCLC, Barcelona clinical liver cancer.
a
Diameter of the largest tumor nodule.