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. 2023 Dec 16;65(6):525–539. doi: 10.1007/s10329-023-01106-4

Table 4.

Number and proportion of events per tool origin category and sex for mature chimpanzees, by tool type

Tool origin
Arrived Gathered and manufactured Acquired Transferred Total no. of tools
Fishing probe
 Females 93 (86.9%) 6 (5.6%) 7 (6.5%) 1 (0.9%) 107
 Males 64 (82.1%) 9 (11.5%) 3 (3.8%) 2 (2.6%) 78
Puncturing stick
 Females 4 (22.2%) 1 (5.6%) 11 (61.1%) 2 (11.1%) 18
 Males 4 (20.0%) 1 (5.0%) 12 (60.0%) 3 (15.0%) 20
Perforating twig
 Females 0 5 (50%) 5 (50%) 0 10
 Males 0 2 (33.3%) 4 (66.7%) 0 6
Beehive pound
 Females 5 (83.3%) 1 (16.7%) 0 0 6
 Males 0 1 (100%) 0 0 1
Other honey gathering tool
 Females 0 1 (100%) 0 0 1
 Males 0 1 (100%) 0 0 1
Leaf sponge
 Females 0 6 (100%) 0 0 6
 Males 0 6 (100%) 0 0 6
Total per category 170 40 42 8 260