Fig. 2.

Histotripsy setup for focused ultrasound treatment of synthetic hydrogels in agarose-hydrogel resection phantoms. A Schematic overview of histotripsy setup, including the field-programmable gate array (FGPA) board connected to the amplifier that supplied the histotripsy pulsing to the transducer through high voltages. B Synthetic hydrogel in agarose resection phantoms subjected to histotripsy cavitation with 500 kHz transducer. C Synthetic hydrogels were distinguishable from 1% agarose in the resection cavity by a difference in opacity and uniformity in hydrogel layers. D Red blood cell ablation setup. Red blood cells were suspended in agarose in 1 mm thick layer that was sandwiched between two synthetic hydrogel layers within the agarose resection cavity mimics. The RBC layer was positioned at the focal point of the transducer and placed parallel to the transducer axis to enable the camera to visualize RBC ablation during treatment.