Fig. 3.

PAE inhibits intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss induced by MPP⁺. A After pre-incubation with different concentrations of PAE for 2 h, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with or without MPP⁺ (500 μM) for another 48 h, the level of ROS in each group were assessed by DCFH-DA assay, bar = 200 μm. B PAE prevented the accumulation of intracellular ROS caused by MPP⁺ in a concentration-dependent manner (n = 3). C JC-1 staining was performed to detect the Δψm in each group, bar = 200 μm. D The statistical results of JC-1 aggregates fluorescence ratio in each group (n = 3), PAE attenuated the reduction of JC-1 aggregates ratio induced by MPP⁺ in a concentration-dependent manner. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001, vs. control group, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^####p < 0.0001, vs. MPP⁺ treated group