Fig. 8.

PAE attenuates ER stress through AKT pathway activation. (A, E) The expression of ER stress indicators in each group was determined by western-blot. PAE pretreatment reserved the up-regulation of p-IRE1α/IRE1α ratio (B), p-JNK/JNK ratio (C), cleaved caspase-3 (D), GRP78 (F) and CHOP (H) caused by MPP⁺, whereas MK-2206 attenuated the effect of PAE on above proteins (n = 3). The expression of p-IRE1α (I), p-eIF2α (J), GRP78 (K) and CHOP (L) was then examined by immunofluorescence staining (bar = 100 μm). MK-2206 blocked the effects of PAE on p-IRE1α (M), p-eIF2α (N), GRP78 (O) and CHOP (P), n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001, vs. control group, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, vs. MPP⁺ treated group, ^{^}p < 0.05, ^{^^}p < 0.01, ^{^^^}p < 0.001, vs. MPP⁺ + PAE group