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. 2024 Sep 6;39(10):1074–1086. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czae086

Table 5.

AME of resource availability across all public health facilities on pharmacy practices using different radii

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Customers advised on medicine use Customers given injections Customers administered IV fluids Branded medicine share Branded generics share
  1. Rural: 3 km

Availability of workers 0.084 −0.198*** −0.052 −0.000 0.001***
(0.233) (0.059) (0.083) (0.001) (0.000)
Availability of medicines −0.048 −0.209*** −0.137*** −0.000 0.000*
(0.083) (0.053) (0.051) (0.001) (0.000)
Observations 383 383 383 383 383
  1. Rural: 2 km

Availability of workers 0.379* −0.144 −0.046 0.001 0.000
(0.197) (0.090) (0.076) (0.001) (0.000)
Availability of medicines −0.062 −0.111* 0.011 −0.000 0.000
(0.107) (0.059) (0.069) (0.001) (0.000)
Observations 335 335 335 335 335
  1. Rural: 4 km

Availability of workers 0.051 −0.159* −0.063 −0.000 0.001*
(0.161) (0.094) (0.078) (0.001) (0.000)
Availability of medicines −0.149 −0.096 −0.185*** 0.001 0.001
(0.143) (0.071) (0.046) (0.001) (0.000)
Observations 362 362 362 362 362
  1. Urban: 3 km

Availability of workers −1.015* 0.168*** 0.012*** 0.003 0.000
(0.553) (0.047) (0.000) (0.003) (0.001)
Availability of medicines −0.135 0.037 0.014*** −0.001 0.001
(0.178) (0.023) (0.000) (0.002) (0.001)
Observations 166 166 166 166 166
  1. Urban: 2 km

Availability of workers −0.066 0.101* 0.009*** 0.001 0.000
(0.089) (0.060) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001)
Availability of medicines −0.312* 0.019 0.007*** −0.001 0.001
(0.161) (0.036) (0.001) (0.002) (0.001)
Observations 148 148 148 148 148
  1. Urban: 4 km

Availability of workers −0.226 0.227** 0.028*** 0.002 −0.000
(0.177) (0.099) (0.001) (0.002) (0.001)
Availability of medicines 0.120 0.198*** 0.033*** −0.004*** 0.002***
(0.375) (0.053) (0.001) (0.001) (0.000)
Observations 181 181 181 181 181

Note(s): All regressions include block fixed effects and controls for pharmacy characteristics such as registration status, hours the store is open in a week, number of employees, number of customers in a week and number of other pharmacies in the 3-km circle around the pharmacy. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the district level.

***

indicates significance at 1% level.

**

at 5% level.

*

at 10% level.

The number of pharmacies in the 4-km circle is less than the number in the 3-km circle because we dropped an additional block due to the lack of within-block variation in the independent variables to allow for the inclusion of block-level fixed effects.