Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Veteran Participants Who Completed HDRP (n = 67).
| Variable | All completers (n = 67) | Completers with type 2 diabetes (n = 34) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean (± SD) or n (%) | Mean (± SD) or n (%) | |
| Demographics | ||
| Age (years) | 69.22 (7.87) | 70.32 (6.72) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 65 (97.01%) | 33 (97.06%) |
| Female | 2 (2.99%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| Transgender | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Race | ||
| White | 47 (70.15%) | 21 (61.76%) |
| Black or African-American | 8 (11.94%) | 5 (14.71%) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 5 (7.46%) | 4 (11.76%) |
| Asian | 3 (4.48%) | 3 (8.82%) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 1 (1.49%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| Did not answer (unknown) | 3 (4.48%) | 3 (9.09%) |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino) | 3 (4.48%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 51 (76.12%) | 26 (76.47%) |
| Divorced | 7 (10.45%) | 2 (5.88%) |
| Unmarried | 4 (5.97%) | 3 (8.82%) |
| Widowed | 2 (2.99%) | 2 (5.88%) |
| Did not answer (unknown) | 3 (4.48%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| Anthropometrics and vitals | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.51 (5.79) | 32.22 (6.09) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.9 (22.00) | 135.5 (21.24) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.31 (13.68) | 71.33 (13.94) |
| Pulse (beats per minute) | 65.07 (11.00) | 67.21 (11.58) |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 44.83 (5.86) | 45.48 (6.06) |
| Medical history | ||
| Diagnosis of atherosclerotic heart disease | 61 (91.04%) | 31 (91.18%) |
| Past MI | 24 (35.82%) | 13 (38.24%) |
| Past PCI | 28 (41.79%) | 12 (38.24%) |
| Past CABG | 16 (23.88%) | 12 (35.29%) |
| Past CVA | 5 (7.46%) | 4 (11.76%) |
| Past TIA | 6 (8.96%) | 6 (17.65%) |
| Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus | 34 (50.75%) | 34 (100%) |
| Diagnosis of hypertension | 60 (89.55%) | 33 (97.06%) |
| Diagnosis of hyperlipidemia | 62 (92.54%) | 33 (97.06%) |
| Diagnosis of PVD | 6 (8.96%) | 5 (14.71%) |
| Diagnosis of CHF | 19 (28.36%) | 11 (32.35%) |
| Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation | 13 (19.40%) | 5 (14.71%) |
| Anticoagulation medication | 13 (19.4%) | 6 (17.65%) |
| Past traumatic brain injury | 3 (4.48%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| Psychiatric disorder (participants with at least one) | 39 (58.21%) | 20 (58.82%) |
| Diagnosis of depressive disorder | 23 (34.33%) | 15 (44.12%) |
| Diagnosis of PTSD | 25 (37.31%) | 12 (35.29%) |
| Diagnosis of anxiety disorder | 6 (8.96%) | 4 (11.76%) |
| Diagnosis of adjustment disorder | 2 (2.99%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| Diagnosis of bipolar disorder | 6 (8.96%) | 2 (5.88%) |
| Diagnosis of chronic pain | 28 (41.79%) | 15 (44.12%) |
| Diagnosis of COPD | 8 (11.94%) | 7 (20.59%) |
| Family history of dementia | 3 (4.48%) | 2 (5.88%) |
| Medications | ||
| Taking cholesterol-lowering medication (yes) | 53 (79.1%) | 29 (85.29%) |
| Total number of hypertension medications | 2.19 (SD = 1.28) | 2.59 (SD = 1.16) |
| Taking insulin (yes) | 9 (13.43%) | 9 (26.47%) |
| Taking short-acting insulin (Aspart) (yes) | 5 (7.46%) | 5 (14.71%) |
| Total daily long-acting insulin dose in insulin-requiring patient | 37.08 (35.99) | 37.08 (35.99) |
| Total number of diabetes medications in patient with diabetes | 1.44 (1.13) | 1.44 (1.13) |
| Service connection (%) | ||
| Total SC-0% | 19 (28.36%) | 8 (23.53%) |
| Total SC-100% | 17 (25.37%) | 10 (29.41%) |
| SC for atherosclerotic heart disease | 17 (14.93%) | 8 (23.53%) |
| SC for hypertensive vascular disease | 5 (7.46%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| SC for coronary artery bypass | 4 (5.97%) | 3 (8.82%) |
| SC for MI | 2 (2.99%) | 1 (2.94%) |
| SC for diabetes mellitus | 10 (14.93%) | 10 (29.41%) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, CABG, coronary artery bypass graft, CHF, congestive heart failure, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVA, cerebrovascular accident, MI, myocardial infarction, PCI, percutaneous cardiac intervention, PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, PVD, peripheral vascular disease, SC, service-connected disability, TIA, transient ischemic attack.