Fig. 1.

Suppression of interferon response and increased susceptibility to infection in macrophages of elderly individuals. (A) Measurement of virus-positive hMdM 24 h p.i. after infection with IAV (MOI 1). The experiment was conducted with five young and old donors each. Each data point represents a biological replicate in this and all following figures. Significance was calculated with the Mann-Whitney U test (* p ≤ 0.05). (B) Immunofluorescence staining of infected hMdM (24 h p.i.) with antibody against IAV NP, phalloidin and DAPI. (C) Cytokine concentrations of IFNα, IFNλ1, TNFα and IP-10 were measured in the supernatant of infected hMdM (24 h p.i.). The results of four young and old donors each are shown. Significance was calculated with the Mann-Whitney U test (* p ≤ 0.05). (D) DEGs are shown in heatmaps based on KEGG pathways regarding RIG-I signaling, and (E) TNFα signaling at timepoint 8 h and 24 h p.i. Gene expression in heatmaps over log2 fold change. Red signals upregulation, blue downregulation. The DEG of at least one condition per row had a log2 fold change > 1 with a significance of p ≤ 0.05