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. 2024 Nov 14;21:80. doi: 10.1186/s12979-024-00482-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — STING is necessary to induce interferon response in macrophages. (A) IFN stimulator gene (ISG) reporter fold change of THP-1 Dual and THP-1 Dual STING KO cells infected with IAV/PR8 at timepoints 8 h p.i. and 24 h p.i. The results of six biological replicates of each cell line is shown. Significance was calculated with One-way ANOVA (* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001). (B) Transcriptional activity of NFκB pathway in THP-1 Dual and THP-1 Dual STING KO cells infected with IAV/PR8. Significance was calculated with One-way ANOVA (* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01). (C) SEMpicture showing IAV on the surface and intracellular of an alveolar macrophage. Colors were added manually. (D) Viral titer of ex vivo lung slices infected with IAV/PR8 24 h p.i. was detected by standard plaque assay shown with logarithmic scaling. The results of three biological replicates are shown. Significance was calculated with One-way ANOVA (ns p ≥ 0.05). (E) LDH was measured in the supernatants of ex vivo slices and presented as percentage of the positive control. Significance was calculated with One-way ANOVA (ns p ≥ 0.05). (F) Cytokines IFNα, TNFα and MCP-1 were measured in the supernatants. Significance was calculated with One-way ANOVA (* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001)