Table 2.

Types of catalytic activity of nanozymes

Classification	Enzyme-like type	Catalytic reaction	Enzyme type	Research articles	Representative nanozymes	Application
Oxidoreductase	Peroxidases-like	H2O2 + 2A-H $\to$ H2O + 2A [22]	Peroxidase	2202	Au nanoclusters [23], Graphene oxide [24], Fe-MOF [25], Non-heme Fe SAzymes [26]	Detection, Detection, Detection, Tumor therapy
			Glutathione peroxidase	243	MIL-47(V) [27], GO-Se nanocomposite [28]	Anti-inflammation, Anti-oxidant stress
			Lipid peroxidase	32	IONzymes [29], HMPB@Lip [30]	Anti-virus, Anti-cancer
			NADH peroxidase	11	Cu2+-GO NPs [31]	Detection
			Ascorbate peroxidase	6	Cu SAs/CN [32],	Anti-oxidant damage
			Haloperoxidase	6	Ce-MOF [33]	Detection
	Oxidase-like	Ared + O2 + H2O $\to$ Aox + H2O2 Ared + O2 $\to$ Aox + H2O Ared + O2 $\to$ Aox + 2O2−·[6]	Oxidase	283	OV-Mn3O4 [34], Ce-MOF [35]	Detection, Detection
			Glucose oxidase	153	Au NPs [36], Au-MOF [37]	Detection, Detection,
			Cysteine oxidase	24	CuO NPs [38], Mn-UMOF [39]	Detection, Detection
			Laccase	20	Cu-CDs [40], DNA-Cu [41]	Detection, Detection
			Amino acid oxidase	14	Pt/SiO2 [42]	Selective catalysts
			Ascorbate oxidase	11	Au@Pt [43]	Detection
			Sulfite oxidase	9	Carbon dot [44]	Bioimaging detection and ameliorating acute lung injury
			Urate oxidase	45	MVSM [45]	Treatment of gouty arthritis
			Nitric oxide synthase	11	Graphene-hemein [46]	Anti-thrombotic
			NADH oxidase	6	MNGR [47]	Treatment of the metabolic flux anomaly in obesity
			Cytochrome c oxidase	15	Cu2O [48]	Catalytic oxidation of biomacromolecules
	Reductase-like	NO3− + H2O + 2e−$\to$ NO2− + 2OH− [49]	Reductase	27	CdS-Pt [49]	Alternative to native enzymes in the photoactivated reduction
	Catalase-like	H2O2 + H2O2 $\to$ 2H2O + O2 [22]	Catalase	167	Co-N3PS Sazyme [50], α-Fe2O3 [51]	To mimic natural enzymes, Wound healing
	Superoxide dismutase -like	2O−·2 + 2H+$\to$ H2O2 + O2 [6]	Superoxide dismutase	88	MnO [52], CeO2 [53]	Detection, Sensor
Hydrolase	Hydrolase-like	A-B + H2O $\to$ A-OH + A-H	Phosphatase	56	VE CeO2 [54], GO [55]	Degradation nerve agents, Degradation nerve agents
			Protease	18	MOF-808 [56], CQDs/Cu2O [57]	Lysozyme hydrolysis, Protein hydrolysis
			Hydrolase	28	Minimal metallo-nanozymes [58], DAFB-DCTP COF [59]	Catalytic prodrug conversion, Detection
			Esterase	38	Pt NPs [60]	Immunosensor
			Nuclease	24	Cu-doped carbon spheres [61]	Anti-bacterial
			Urease	2	CeO2 − x [62]	Environmental governance
			Glucuronidase	1	Cu NPs [63]	Catalytic prodrug conversion
Lyase		CO2 + H2O $\to$ HCO3− + H+ [64]	Lyase	19	ZIF-8 [64]	Alternative to hydratase
Transferase		A·X + B $\to$ A + B·X	Transferase	6	ZnPc-CeNZ [65]	Detection
Isomerase		A-B $\to \text{B}$-A	Topoisomerase I	4	Chiral carbon dots [66]	Chiral selective catalysis
Ligase		A + B $\to$ A·B	Ligase	2	MSNs [67]	Successive product amplification