Table 2.

Comparison of CGM-derived glycemic control and variability indices in pregnant women based on glycemic status

CGM Measures	Total (n = 167)	Non-IR (n = 118)	IR (n = 40)	p	Non-GDM (n = 137)	GDM (n = 30)	p
Glycemic control index
Mean daily glucose, mmol/L	4.46 (4.37, 4.56)	4.35 (4.26, 4.43)	4.84 (4.57, 5.12)	0.003	4.35 (4.27, 4.43)	5.02 (4.69, 5.36)	0.002
GMI, mmol/mol	33.79 (33.34, 34.24)	33.21 (32.82, 33.61)	35.60 (34.25, 36.99)	0.003	33.23 (32.86, 33.61)	36.44 (34.79, 38.16)	0.002
J-index	9.86 (9.43, 10.32)	9.29 (8.93, 9.67)	11.68 (10.21, 13.36)	0.017	9.26 (8.92, 9.61)	13.17 (11.32, 15.31)	0.006
TIR, %	77.82 (74.74, 81.02)	76.86 (73.36, 80.51)	81.91 (74.55, 89.99)	0.073	77.63 (74.42, 80.97)	78.68 (69.67, 88.86)	0.587
TAR, %	0.93 (0.72, 1.21)	0.74 (0.56, 0.97)	1.52 (0.77, 3.01)	0.092	0.64 (0.50, 0.82)	2.70 (1.57, 4.65)	0.033
TBR, %	10.83 (8.96, 13.09)	12.34 (9.86, 15.44)	6.50 (4.43, 9.53)	< 0.001	11.64 (9.50, 14.27)	7.32 (4.37, 12.26)	0.003
Glycemic variability index
SD, mmol/L	1.03 (1.00, 1.08)	0.99 (0.96, 1.03)	1.13 (1.01, 1.27)	0.056	0.98 (0.95, 1.01)	1.33 (1.18, 1.50)	0.002
CV, %	23.19 (22.47, 23.92)	22.88 (22.09, 23.69)	23.44 (21.64, 25.39)	0.457	22.52 (21.83, 23.24)	26.46 (24.23, 28.90)	0.009
MAGE, mmol/L	2.70 (2.60, 2.81)	2.62 (2.51, 2.72)	2.93 (2.62, 3.27)	0.080	2.56 (2.47, 2.65)	3.46 (3.07, 3.90)	0.002

Data are presented as geometric mean (95% confidence interval). Nine women without IR status data were excluded. CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; IR, insulin resistance based on HOMA2-IR at least 1.22; GDM gestational diabetes mellitus based on 2013 WHO criteria, GMI, glucose management indicator, TIR percentage of time in range 3.5–7.8 mmol/L, TAR percentage of time above target range 7.8 mmol/L, TBR percentage of time below target range 3.5 mmol/L, SD standard deviation, CV coefficient of variation, MAGE mean amplitude of glycemic excursions

p-value derived from independent t-test from log-transformed CGM-derived glycemic indices