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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 14.

Published in final edited form as: NEJM Evid. 2024 Feb 27;3(3):EVIDoa2300229. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300229

Figure 1. — Comparative Disease Odds Ratios for E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking.

E-cigarette use and cigarette smoking have similar odds of disease for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and metabolic dysfunction and lower odds for asthma (odds ratio, 0.84), COPD (odds ratio, 0.53), and oral disease (odds ratio, 0.87). Confidence intervals include Bonferroni adjustments. Diamonds show point estimates and 95% confidence intervals for pooled odds ratios from random effects meta-analysis. Results for “other” studies were not pooled. CHD denotes coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID, coronavirus disease 2019; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ED, emergency department; HPV, human papillomavirus; MI, myocardial infarction; and OR, odds ratio.

Figure 1. — Comparative Disease Odds Ratios for E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking.

E-cigarette use and cigarette smoking have similar odds of disease for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and metabolic dysfunction and lower odds for asthma (odds ratio, 0.84), COPD (odds ratio, 0.53), and oral disease (odds ratio, 0.87). Confidence intervals include Bonferroni adjustments. Diamonds show point estimates and 95% confidence intervals for pooled odds ratios from random effects meta-analysis. Results for “other” studies were not pooled. CHD denotes coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID, coronavirus disease 2019; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ED, emergency department; HPV, human papillomavirus; MI, myocardial infarction; and OR, odds ratio.