Table 1.
Sleep apnoea study demographics at baseline.
| Participants (N = 43) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 50.1 (9.1) | ||
| Female, n (%) | 14 (33%) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (40%) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 12 (28%) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (9%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 34.8 ± 6.1 | ||
| Smoker status: current v. ex v. never, n (%) | 8 (18.6%) v. 14 (32.6) v. 21 (48.8%) | ||
| pAHI, events/hr, mean (SD) | 53.7 (24.7) | ||
| SpO2 mean, mean (SD) | 92.9 (2.0) | ||
|
SpO2 nadir, mean (SD) |
75.7 (9.3) |
||
|
Neuroimaging |
N = 42 |
||
| Intracranial volume (ml), mean (SD) | 1476.04 ± 161.37 | ||
| WMH volume (ml), median (IQR) | 0.99 (0.58–1.73) | ||
| Fazekas scale (0:6), median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | ||
| Brain volume (ml), mean (SD) | 1140.32 ± 118.14 | ||
| Superficial atrophy (0:6), median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | ||
| Deep atrophy (0:6), median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | ||
| Number of lacunes, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| Number of microbleeds, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | ||
| PVS volume in BG (%ROIV), median (IQR) | 1.95 (1.60–2.55) | ||
| PVS volume in CSO (%ROIV), median (IQR) | 3.00 (2.08.−4.10) | ||
| PVS count in BG, median (IQR) | 122 (104–167) | ||
| PVS count in CSO, median (IQR) | 608 (456–730) | ||
| PVS size in BG (ml), median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | ||
| PVS size in CSO (ml), median (IQR) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | ||
| PVS length in BG (voxel), mean (SD) | 6.38 ± 0.44 | ||
| PVS length in CSO (voxel), mean (SD) | 6.39 ± 0.57 | ||
| PVS width in BG (voxel), mean (SD) | 3.03 ± 0.27 | ||
|
PVS width in CSO (voxel), mean (SD) |
5.70 ± 0.62 |
||
|
|
CPAP treatment (n = 42) |
||
| CPAP usage, hr/night, mean (SD) | 5.1 ± 3.0 | ||
|
Total days of treatment, mean (SD) |
135.4 ± 40.2 |
||
|
|
Sub-optimal CPAP use (n = 23) |
Optimal CPAP use (n = 19) |
p-value |
| Severe OSA, n (%) | 16 (70%) | 16 (84%) | 0.46 |
| CPAP usage, hr/night, mean (SD) | 3.7 ± 3.4 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | <0.01 |
| Total days of treatment, mean (SD) | 142.5 ± 51.9 | 127.0 ± 16.2 | 0.18 |
BMI: body mass index; pAHI: PAT-derived apnoea-hypopnoea index; SpO2: oxygen saturation; WMH: white matter hyperintensity; PVS: perivascular spaces; BG: basal ganglia; CSO: centrum semiovale; IQR: interquartile range. Non-normal distributions are reported as medians (interquartile range, Q1–Q3). CPAP treatment: optimal adherence was defined as CPAP usage at least 4 hr/night for 80% of nights. P-values were computed using the t-test for variables with a normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed numerical variables. Chi-squared test was used for categorical variables.