Fig. 4. Effect of SWC towards histopathology of inflammation and angiogenesis of gingival tissue in gingivitis rat model (40× magnification). *Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. For each treatment, testing was carried out in four repetitions. *NC: Negative control, PC: Positive control (Bacterial induced rats), BC: Base cream control (1 × oral BC applied), CC: Comparative control (1× kenalog cream applied), SWC1: Sappan cream 1 (PC + 1 times cream applied), SWC2: Sappan cream 2 (PC + 2 times cream applied). Different superscripts (a,ab,abc,bcd,c,cd) mark significant differences among treatment for based on Tukey HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). The black arrows (indicate the inflammation site on the gingival tissue). SC: stratun corneum; SS: stratum spinosum; SB: stratum basalis.
