Table 1. Patient characteristics.
APACHE Ⅱ, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CKRT, Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy; PMX-DHP, direct hemoperfusion using polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column; IABP, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; Impella®️, percutaneous ventricular assist device; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; BT, body temperature; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, saturation of percutaneous oxygen; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; P/F, partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspiratory oxygen ratio; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula
| - | Overall (n = 1,400) | Readmission group (n = 113) | Non-readmission group (n = 1,287) | P-value |
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 68 (56-76） | 70 (59-77） | 68 (56-76) | 0.318 |
| Male, n (%) | 836 (59.7) | 74 (65.5) | 762 (59.2) | 0.238 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 5 (3-6) | 5 (3-7) | 5 (3-6) | 0.460 |
| APACHE II, median (IQR) | 18 (15-22) | 19 (16-23) | 18 (15-21) | 0.002 |
| SOFA at ICU admission, median (IQR) | 6 (4-8) | 7 (5-10) | 6 (4-8) | <0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 3 (2-6) | 4 (2-8) | 3 (2-6) | 0.002 |
| Mortality for 28 days | 65 (4.6) | 11 (9.7) | 54 (4.2) | 0.014 |
| ICU admission source | ||||
| Medical, n (%) | 797 (56.9) | 79 (69.9) | 718 (55.8) | 0.005 |
| Surgical, n (%) | 603 (43.1) | 34 (30.1) | 569 (54.2) | 0.005 |
| Reasons for ICU admission | ||||
| Sepsis, n (%) | 256 (18.3) | 28 (24.8) | 228 (17.2) | 0.082 |
| Cardiovascular surgery, n (%) | 195 (13.9) | 13 (11.5) | 182 (14.1) | 0.526 |
| Other surgery, n (%) | 405 (28.9) | 21 (18.6) | 384 (29.8) | 0.015 |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 220 (15.7) | 29 (25.7) | 191 (14.8) | 0.004 |
| Circulatory failure, n (%) | 145 (10.4) | 11 (9.7) | 134 (10.4) | 0.948 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 24 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 23 (1.8) | 0.741 |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 59 (4.2) | 1 (0.9) | 58 (4.5) | 0.111 |
| Acute pancreatitis, n (%) | 31 (2.2) | 4 (3.5) | 27 (2.1) | 0.506 |
| Endocrine disease, n (%) | 67 (4.8) | 3 (2.7) | 64 (5.0) | 0.381 |
| Liver failure, n (%) | 27 (1.9) | 5 (4.4) | 22 (1.7) | 0.097 |
| Metabolic disorder, n (%) | 16 (1.1) | 1 (0.9) | 15 (1.2) | 1.000 |
| Treatment variables of the group | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 757 (54.1) | 65 (57.5) | 692 (53.8) | 0.503 |
| Ventilator days, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0-3.0） | 2.0 (0-5.3） | 1.0 (0-3.0） | 0.006 |
| CKRT, n (%) | 253 (18.1) | 36 (31.9) | 217 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| PMX-DHP, n (%) | 74 (5.3) | 10 (8.8) | 64 (5.0) | 0.122 |
| IABP, n (%) | 30 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 30 (2.3) | 0.193 |
| Impella®️, n (%) | 7 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 6 (0.5) | 1.000 |
| Tracheal suctioning, n (%) | 184 (13.1) | 30 (26.5) | 154 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Use of catecholamine, n (%) | 51 (3.6) | 5 (4.4) | 46 (3.5) | 0.841 |
| Low-flow oxygen therapy, n (%) | 946 (67.6) | 82 (72.6) | 864 (67.1) | 0.281 |
| HFNC, n (%) | 86 (6.1) | 3 (2.7) | 83 (6.5) | 0.160 |
| Parameters at ICU discharge | ||||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 121 (108-135) | 123 (108-139) | 121 (108-135) | 0.457 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 69 (60-79) | 69 (60-83) | 69 (60-78) | 0.906 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 83 (72-96) | 89 (80-102) | 82 (72-95) | <0.001 |
| BT (℃), median (IQR) | 37.0 (37.0-37.8) | 37.2 (37.0-38.0) | 37.0 (36.9-37.7) | 0.006 |
| RR (bpm), median (IQR) | 19 (16-22) | 21 (17-25) | 19 (16-22) | <0.001 |
| SpO2 (%), median (IQR) | 98 (96-99) | 97 (96-98) | 98 (96-99) | 0.003 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (14-15) | 14 (12-15) | 15 (14-15) | <0.001 |
| Cold extremities, n (%) | 124 (8.9) | 37 (32.7) | 87 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| P/F, median (IQR) | 357 (269-438) | 333 (238-397) | 358 (274-443) | 0.004 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg), median (IQR) | 37.0 (34.0-41.0) | 36.0 (34.2-41.3) | 37.0 (34.0-41.0) | 0.514 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.43 (7.40-7.47) | 7.44 (7.41-7.48) | 7.43 (7.40-7.47) | 0.059 |
| Sleep disturbance, n (%) | 265 (18.9) | 72 (63.7) | 193 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Delirium, n (%) | 116 (8.3) | 11 (9.7) | 91 (7.1) | 0.342 |
| Reason for ICU readmission | ||||
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | - | 46 (40.7) | - | - |
| Circulatory failure, n (%) | - | 35 (31.0) | - | - |
| Renal failure, n (%) | - | 13 (11.5) | - | - |
| Electrolyte disturbances, n (%) | - | 10 (8.8) | - | - |
| Neurological failure, n (%) | - | 9 (8.0) | - | - |