Table 3.
Unweighted % (n) | Weighted % (n) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 n = 675 | 2019 n = 975 | 2020 n = 1122 | 2021 n = 1347 | 2018 n = 575 | 2019 n = 1099 | 2020 n = 1157 | 2021 n = 1288 | |
Gender | ||||||||
Woman | 47.6 (321) | 49.9 (486) | 55.1 (618) | 50.0 (673) | 42.1 (242) | 41.8 (459) | 45.4 (525) | 43.7 (563) |
Man | 52.4 (354) | 50.2 (489) | 44.9 (504) | 50.0 (674) | 57.9 (333) | 58.2 (640) | 54.6 (632) | 56.3 (725) |
Ethnicity/race | ||||||||
White | 92.4 (624) | 91.2 (889) | 89.8 (1007) | 87.9 (1184) | 92.7 (533) | 91.2 (1003) | 90.4 (1045) | 88.0 (1134) |
Other/Mixed | 7.6 (51) | 8.8 (86) | 10.2 (115) | 12.1 (163) | 7.3 (42) | 8.9 (96) | 9.7 (112) | 12.0 (155) |
Education | ||||||||
Less than high school | 8.4 (57) | 6.8 (66) | 6.1 (68) | 5.3 (71) | 15.4 (88) | 12.8 (140) | 9.5 (110) | 10.8 (138) |
High school diploma | 19.6 (132) | 19.5 (189) | 17.2 (192) | 17.0 (228) | 33.4 (192) | 30.9 (338) | 33.6 (387) | 31.0 (398) |
Some college or technical vocation | 51.7 (349) | 53.2 (516) | 50.8 (568) | 51.1 (686) | 38.3 (220) | 40.4 (442) | 39.6 (457) | 41.4 (531) |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 20.3 (137) | 20.5 (199) | 25.9 (290) | 26.6 (357) | 13.0 (75) | 15.9 (173) | 17.4 (200) | 16.8 (216) |
Income adequacy | ||||||||
Very difficult | 10.8 (73) | 11.1 (108) | 8.2 (92) | 9.6 (129) | 12.3 (71) | 11.1 (122) | 9.9 (114) | 10.9 (140) |
Difficult | 21.8 (147) | 23.4 (228) | 19.5 (219) | 16.9 (228) | 22.3 (128) | 25.8 (283) | 18.5 (214) | 17.5 (226) |
Neither easy nor difficult | 36.6 (247) | 33.1 (323) | 38.5 (432) | 34.0 (458) | 36.4 (210) | 33.3 (366) | 38.5 (445) | 33.6 (433) |
Easy | 18.1 (122) | 19.3 (188) | 20.7 (232) | 23.2 (313) | 18.6 (107) | 17.9 (197) | 20.7 (239) | 22.6 (292) |
Very easy | 12.0 (82) | 12.3 (120) | 11.8 (132) | 15.1 (203) | 10.1 (58) | 10.7 (118) | 11.4 (131) | 13.9 (179) |
Unstated | .6 (4) | .8 (8) | 1.3 (15) | 1.2 (16) | .3 (2) | 1.2 (13) | 1.2 (14) | 1.6 (20) |
Province of residence | ||||||||
British Columbia | 14.8 (100) | 17.7 (173) | 18.8 (211) | 17.4 (234) | 23.4 (134) | 16.2 (177) | 17.2 (199) | 17.4 (225) |
Alberta | 7.3 (49) | 16.6 (162) | 15.5 (174) | 14.3 (192) | 10.2 (59) | 11.9 (131) | 10.6 (123) | 11.8 (152) |
Saskatchewan | 8.0 (54) | 4.6 (45) | 5.5 (62) | 4.8 (64) | 2.7 (15) | 2.4 (26) | 2.7 (32) | 2.3 (29) |
Manitoba | 7.9 (53) | 7.2 (70) | 5.2 (58) | 6.2 (84) | 2.3 (13) | 3.5 (38) | 2.8 (33) | 3.6 (47) |
Ontario | 26.7 (180) | 20.0 (195) | 18.9 (212) | 26.2 (353) | 39.0 (224) | 43.8 (482) | 43.0 (498) | 39.4 (508) |
Quebec | 5.6 (38) | 16.7 (163) | 13.4 (150) | 10.9 (147) | 15.3 (88) | 14.8 (162) | 16.2 (188) | 17.4 (223) |
New Brunswick | 9.3 (63) | 4.9 (48) | 6.6 (74) | 6.7 (90) | 2.5 (14) | 2.2 (24) | 2.3 (26) | 2.7 (35) |
Nova Scotia | 12.0 (81) | 7.4 (72) | 7.7 (86) | 8.5 (115) | 3.2 (18) | 3.4 (38) | 3.0 (35) | 3.7 (47) |
Prince Edward Island | 2.1 (14) | .9 (9) | 1.9 (21) | 1.3 (18) | .3 (2) | .4 (4) | .4 (5) | .4 (5) |
Newfoundland and labrador | 6.4 (43) | 3.9 (38) | 6.6 (74) | 3.7 (51) | 1.3 (7) | 1.5 (17) | 1.7 (20) | 1.3 (16) |
Income adequacy is assessed by the question: “Thinking about your family’s income, how difficult or easy is it to make ends meet?”, where ‘making ends meet’ means having enough money to pay for the things your family needs. Respondents not providing their highest level of education were suppressed due to small cell sizes: n2019 = 6; n = 2020 = 4.